Developmental Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781605354705
Author: Scott F. Gilbert, Michael J. F. Barresi
Publisher: Sinauer Associates is an imprint of Oxford University Press
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Chapter 5, Problem 1DQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
Whether such a term “stem cellness” exist, and whether it is intrinsic property of the cell or property acquired through interactions with the stem cell niche. Whether niche is making the stem cell and how these conditions exist in a particular organ.
Introduction:
Stem cell is an undifferentiated and unspecialized tissue that gives rise to a specific specialized cell like blood cell. A stem-cell niche is an area of a tissue providing specific microenvironment, where stem cells are present in an undifferentiated and self-renewable state. Adult stem-cell niche is controlled by universal mechanism that control stem-cell development.
Expert Solution & Answer
Explanation of Solution
“Stem cellness” is not a property identified in any cell. Stem cell has ability to differentiate in all the cell types of lineage known as totipotent cells. Cells of the stem-cell niche interact with the stem cells to maintain them or promote their differentiation. Many adult tissues and organs contain stem cells that undergo renewal. Adult stem cell is controlled by its own adult stem cell niche, which regulates stem cell survival, self-renewal, and differentiation of progeny that leaves niche.
Stem cell niches of adult humans
| Stem cell type | Niche location | Cellular components of niche |
Low turnover Brain (neurons and glia) Skeletal muscle |
Ventricular-subventricular zone, subgranular zone Between basal lamina and muscle fibers |
Ependymal cells, blood vessel epithelium Muscle fiber cells |
High turnover Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) Intestine Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) Epidermis (skin) Hair follicle Sperm |
Bone marrow, adipose tissue, heart, placenta, umbilical cord Base of small intestinal crypts Bone marrow Basal layer of epidermis Bulge Testes |
Probably blood vessel epithelium Paneth cells, MSCs Macrophages, Treg cells, osteoblasts, pericytes, glia, neurons, MSCs Dermal fibroblasts Dermal papillae, adipocyte precursors, subcutaneous fat, keratin Sertoli cells |
The low turnover indicates generate stem cells for repair, slow growth, and learning. The high turnover indicates new cell production for bodily maintenance.
Conclusion
Therefore, it is concluded that there is no such thing as “Stem cellness.” Stem cell is a property acquired through interactions with the stem cell niche.
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The table below compares structures found in bacterial (prokaryotic) cells with
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Cell Wall
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Project 2 Muscle Diseases: Muscular Dystrophy1Spunky is a 5-year-old girl who has very large calf muscles and shows severe weakness in her leg and armmuscles. Laboratory tests showed that Spunky has high levels of creatine phosphokinase in her urine. The doctor explained to her parents that Spunky!s muscles are being replaced by fat and connective tissue because her body cells cannot metabolize protein properly. As a result, Spunky!s cells cannot produce creatine from amino acids. Therefore, she cannot store creatine phosphate in her muscles that is necessary to provide energy for her muscles to contract. Help Spunky!s parents understand her disease by completing the following tasks.2. Write the origin and insertion point of each muscle.3. Draw a diagram to show how a muscle fiber uses energy for contraction.
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1. What protein does each DNA codes for?
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CONCLUSION:
Chapter 5 Solutions
Developmental Biology
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