Developmental Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781605354705
Author: Scott F. Gilbert, Michael J. F. Barresi
Publisher: Sinauer Associates is an imprint of Oxford University Press
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Chapter 5, Problem 2DQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The role of Notch/Delta and Hes gene oscillations during embryonic development in the adult neural stem cell niche. The oscillations result in the progression from stem cell to neuron.
Introduction:
Notch signaling plays important role in fate determination and the differentiation of neural stem cells in embryonic and adult brains. Notch signaling plays significant role in the maintenance of the pool of B type stem cells. Notch regulatory mechanism of neurogenesis lies in the downstream transcriptional targets named as Hairy and enhancer of split (Hes) related genes. These genes primarily function to repress proneural gene expression. Hes genes and specifically Hes1 are among the best-characterized Notch target genes.
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We know quite a bit about Notch/Delta and Hes gene oscillations during embryonic development. What do oscillations of these genes in the adult neural stem cell niche actually look like? How do these oscillations result in the progression from stem cell to neuron?
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In 1991, when he was just thirty years old, actor Michael J. Fox was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. While
Parkinson's normally afflicts adults over the age of sixty (roughly the disease strikes about 1% of that age group),
as Michael J. Fox's case indicates, younger people can develop Parkinson's as well. We do not yet fully understand
Parkinson's disease, but we do know that with Parkinson's, the patient's brain cells (or neurons) die off. The
neurons affected by Parkinson's control motor function and mood. Persons with advanced Parkinson's have
trouble moving and speaking, and their hands and legs may tremble, twitch, or freeze up. They may also
experience mood swings and depression. In the very late stages of the disease, they can also lose mental function.
Assignment Details
Philosophy and Ethics A
Currently, no cure exists for Parkinson's disease. Scientists hope, however, that at some point in the future,
embryonic stem cells…
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