Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 41, Problem 11RQ
Contractile vacuoles in microorganisms:
- exclusively perform an excretory function
- can perform many functions, one of which is excretion of
metabolic wastes - originate from the cell membrane
- both b and c
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following is TRUE concerning glucose transport across the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
Group of answer choices must choose one answer
Glucose is usually absorbed approximately 70% here and the remainder of the absorption is under hormonal control in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Glucose moves by paracellular transport.
Glucose moves across the apical membrane by secondary active transport via co-transport with sodium.
Glucose transport is passive, requiring facilitated diffusion across both the apical and basolateral membranes.
Within the proximal tubule, glucose is transported out of the tubule via:
Passive diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Primary active transport
Endocytosis
Secondary active transport
Metabolism of nutrients by body cells produces various wastes such as carbon dioxide and
nitrogenous toxins (creatinine, urea, and ammonia), as well as imbalances of water and essential
ions. These metabolic wastes and excesses must be eliminated from the body. Essential substances
are retained to ensure proper body functioning.
Although several organ systems are involved in excreting (getting rid of) toxic cellular wastes, the
urinary system bears the primary responsibility for removing nitrogenous wastes from the blood. In
addition to this purely excretory function, the kidneys maintain the electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid
balances of the blood. Thus, kidneys take care of your blood and are major homeostatic organs of
the body. Malfunction of the kidneys leads to a failure of homeostasis, resulting (unless corrected)
in death.
1. Complete the statements (hint: read paragraph above):
The kidney is referred to as an excretory organ because it excretes
also a major homeostatic organ…
Chapter 41 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 41 - Figure 41.5 Which of the following statements...Ch. 41 - Figure 41.6 Which of the following statements...Ch. 41 - Figure 41.8 Loop diuretics are drugs sometimes...Ch. 41 - When a dehydrated human patient needs to be given...Ch. 41 - The sodium ion is at the highest concentration in:...Ch. 41 - Cells in a hypertonic solution tend to: shrink due...Ch. 41 - The macula densa is/are: present in the renal...Ch. 41 - The osmolarity of body fluids is maintained at...Ch. 41 - The gland located at the top of the kidney is the...Ch. 41 - Active transport of K+ in Malpighian tubules...
Ch. 41 - Contractile vacuoles in microorganisms:...Ch. 41 - Flame cells are primitive excretory organs found...Ch. 41 - BUN is. blood urea nitrogen blood uric acid...Ch. 41 - Human beings accumulate ____before____ excreting...Ch. 41 - Renin is made by. granular cells of the...Ch. 41 - Patients with Addison's disease retain water...Ch. 41 - Which hormone elicits the 'fight or flight”...Ch. 41 - Why is excretion important in order to achieve...Ch. 41 - Why do electrolyte ions move across membranes by...Ch. 41 - Why are the loop of Henle and vasa recta important...Ch. 41 - Describe the structure of the kidney.Ch. 41 - Why might specialized organs have evolved for...Ch. 41 - Explain two different excretory systems other than...Ch. 41 - In terms of evolution, why might the urea cycle...Ch. 41 - Compare and contrast the formation of urea and...Ch. 41 - Describe how hormones regulate blood pressure,...Ch. 41 - How does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone...
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- Explain how active and passive transport or different. Include at least two major differencesarrow_forwardTopic:Excretion in animals Distinguish isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solution from one another relative to an animal’s intracellular fluid.arrow_forwardIf a culture of Paramecium caudatum had NaCl added to modify extracellular solute concentration, how would the cell react to different solute concentrations what effect does it have osmoregulation? What observation would we expect to see under the microscope?arrow_forward
- Define extracellular material (ECM). Explain how matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases regulates ECMarrow_forwardBody fluids Affect each others composition by exchanges across semipermeable memebrane are described as intracellular or extracellular based on their loecations. Usually constitue over 50 percent of the mass of a lean adult consist of water and dissolved solutes all of the above are correctarrow_forwardEpithelial cells that reabsorb solutes are cuboidal, but epithelial cells involved in filtration are thin, squamous cells. The cuboidal cells contain more cytoplasm and organelles, especially mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), than the squamous cells. Why do the cuboidal cells of the kidney tubules need more mitochondria and RER?arrow_forward
- Blood in renal efferent arterioles is compared to systemic arterial blood. hypertonic hypotonic isotonicarrow_forwardDescribe in details the processes of active transport, including the concepts of pumps, primary active transport, secondary active transport, symports, and antiports. Indicate the sources of energy for moving solutes against their concentration gradients.arrow_forwardThe breakdown of nucleic acids produces very small molecules of uric acid. Extremely high levels of uric acid built up in the joints indicate that there is something wrong with the individual's kidneys. Using the knowledge you gained from the homeostasis unit, support the connection between built up of uric acid and the possibilities of kidneys malfunctioning.arrow_forward
- Indicate whether the following sentences is True or False 1) Urea is the major nitrogen-containing metabolic product of protein catabolism in humans, accounting for > 75% of the nonprotein nitrogen eventually excreted 2) Dialysis is the process of separating substances in solution based on size and the difference in their diffusion rates through a semipermeable membranearrow_forwardCotransport systems of the internal epithelial cells include the _____ in the intestine facing membrane, the energy requiring _____ facing the blood, and the ________ allowing facilitated diffusuon of glucose out of the cell.arrow_forwardDescribe the following fluid compartments in the body Intracellular (ICF) Extracellular (ECF) Plasma Interstitialarrow_forward
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