Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 6Q
Suppose that you are starting a long-term study of a population of annual, flowering plants isolated on a small island. Reading some recent papers has convinced you that global warming will probably cause long-term changes in the amount of rain the island receives. Outline the observations and experiments you would need to do to document whether natural selection occurs in your study population over the course of your research. What traits would you measure, and why?
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a. The species is divided into two large populations, one on the warm end of the gradient and one…
In the Grants’ study of the medium ground finch, do you think the pattern of natural selection was directional, stabilizing, disruptive, or balancing? Explain your answer. If the environment remained dry indefinitely (for many years), what do you think would be the long-term outcome?
When taking the question, it would appear as:
Consider global warming, a continual gradual increase in average temperatures. How might you expect this to affect natural
selection?
A.environmental changes are unpredictable, and natural selection is a random process, so it is difficult to predict outcome
B.species from warmer climates are likely to expand their ranges into higher latitudes
C.traits that increase reproductive success under warmer temperatures are likely to increase in frequency in a population
D.the stress caused by higher temperatures will increase mutation rates
Chapter 3 Solutions
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Ch. 3 - In everyday English, the word adaptation means an...Ch. 3 - a. Describe Darwins four postulates in your own...Ch. 3 - Think about how the finch bill data demonstrate...Ch. 3 - According to the text, it is correct to claim that...Ch. 3 - A common creationist criticism of the finch study...Ch. 3 - Suppose that you are starting a long-term study of...Ch. 3 - At the end of an article on how mutations in...Ch. 3 - Describe three major objections to Darwins theory...Ch. 3 - Many working scientists are relatively...Ch. 3 - a. Describe Behes argument of irreducible...
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- When discussing natural selection and behaviour, we often say that members of a species have certain behavioural traits because those traits are adaptive, in the sense that they increase inclusive fitness relative to alternative forms of those traits that have existed in the past. Instead of emphasizing the adaptiveness of behavioural traits, some biologists describe natural selection as a process that operates on nervous system traits, increasing the prevalence within a population of particular patterns of neural circuitry and neurobiological mechanisms. As an alternative to emphasizing either the behaviour or the nervous system, some biologists describe natural selection as a process that operates on genes; according to this perspective, certain forms of certain genes (ie., particular alleles) increase in prevalence within a population relative to alternative forms of those genes. Which, if any, of these three perspectives on natural selection and behaviour do you think is the most…arrow_forwardREAD THIS: Notice that natural selection does not refer to individuals changing. Kath Trequency of adaptive heritable traits in a population changes as a result of natural selection. REQUIREMENTS FOR NATURAL SELECTION TO OCCUR: 17a. Assuming that both types of pom-poms are present in the population, what do you think would happen to the pom-pom population if the black forest experienced a prolonged drought so all the trees died and the habitat became red grassland? 17b. Next, think about an alternative scenario. Suppose that natural selection over many generations had eliminated all the red pom-poms in the black forest habitat so only black pom- poms survived. After that, a prolonged drought resulted in this habitat turning into a red grassland. Would natural selection for pom-pom color occur? Why or why not? 17c. The above scenarios are showing that in order for natural selection to occur must exist within a trait.arrow_forwardA hawk has a genetic trait that gives it much better eyesight than other hawks of the same species in the same area. Use your knowledge of natural selection to explain how this could lead to evolutionary change within this species of hawk over a long period of time. In your answer, be sure to include an explanation of: -competition within the hawk population -survival of various individuals in the population -how the frequency of the better-eyesight trait would be expected to change over time within the population -Use the terms variation and adaptation in your responsearrow_forward
- Alternatively, selection may be performed during mating, where mating is done after a selection process of one of the sexes. The surviving individuals can pass on their (1) to the next generation. When these variations are sustained over a long time and the population changes so that it can no longer (2) with the parent population, a new species is said to have evolved.arrow_forwardSuppose that recessive deleterious allele is found to be much less common than its predicted equilibrium frequency, based on the selection coefficient and mutation rate measured in modern populations. Which of the following is the best explanation for this? Note that, when selection or mutation rates change, it may take hundred of generations for population to reach its new equilibrium. A. Selection against the allele was weaker in the past than today B. Mutation rates were higher in the past C. Heterozygote advantage in some environments D. Increases lifespans have made the allele more deleterious now than it was in the Please answer asap and in short and content should not be palgarised pleasearrow_forwardChoose your favorite animal or plant adaptation and describe an experiment that you would do to test why that adaptation exists in the population. Include enough detail in your experimental design that would allow you to fully clarify the adaptive benefit of having the trait.arrow_forward
- Assume you are studying a population of ocean shrimp that reproduce asexually. You sequence the ocean shrimp and the species that is their closest living relative that reproduces sexually. You find that the asexually reproducing species has a higher number of mutations in the genome. This finding would provide support for which of the following ideas? Linkage disequilibrium Stabilizing selection Disruptive selection Muller's ratchetarrow_forwardYou are working with a group of plants and are trying to take the first step in understanding whether they are in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Determine the number of dominant alleles in the population, given that there are 100 homozygous dominant individuals 23 homozygous recessive individuals and 47 heterozygous individuals.arrow_forwardIn the US, many farmers regularly use the herbicide glyphosate to keep their fields free from weeds. Now, however, they are reporting the presence and spread of “superweeds” which are resistant to the said herbicide. Give a brief explanation of this situation using what you learned about natural selection. (Modified from Hoefnagels, 2016)arrow_forward
- You are studying a species of beetle known as a Flumbodoodle Beetle. The beetle has long spikes on its shell to defend itself from potential predators. You are interested in studying evolution in this beetle. Which of the following studies do you not need to conduct to determine if the long spike trait can evolve by natural selection. a. A study that determines whether beetles with longer spikes survive and reproduce better than beetles with shorter spikes. b. A study that measures the spike length variation across multiple individuals in a population. c. A study where you measure the spike length on the parents and a study where you measure the spike length on the offspring. d. A study that determines whether these spikes on the beetle are also used in mate choice contexts.arrow_forwardWhich aspect(s) of natural selection is(are) illustrated by the figure below? Check ALL answers that apply. A. Variation among individuals must be genetically transmissible to the next generation. B. Variation must exist in a population. C. Variation among individuals leads to differences in lifetime reproductive success. D. More individuals are produced each generation than the environment can support, resulting in competition for survival.arrow_forwardPINE TREE NEEDLES Variation among members of a population can lead to natural selection, but only if two conditions are met: First, the trait must be relevant to an individual's survival and/or reproductive rate. Second, variation in this trait must be heritable, that is, at least partly controlled by genes. a. How might you design an experiment to determine the importance of needle length in determining survival and reproduction? b. How might you test the extent to which needle length is heritable?arrow_forward
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