Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 4Q
According to the text, it is correct to claim that most finches died from starvation during the 1977 drought because “there was a strong correspondence between
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You've been out in the field collecting data on the predation of holly leaves. You collect 200 leaves in total of which 100 leaves contain one mine, 20 leaves contain 2 mines and 30 leaves contain 3 mines. After close examination with your hand lens and dissecting microscope you categorize a total of 15 mines with round holes, 9 mines that were torn open and 27 mines with an irregular hole. After some basic analyses you conclude that the predation rates by blue tits and wasps are:
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Aphids and ants can have a mutualistic relationship. Aphids exude sugary substances that provide energy for ants and ants can defend aphid colonies from predators. This experiment measured the population growth rate of aphids vs the number of aphids at the start of the experiment on plants where ants were present or absent. Please select all the statements that are reasonable interpretations of this graph. Select all that apply.
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a.Toucans can eat fruits with large seeds because their large bills can open very wide. Most other birds in the same forest can only eat small seeds. Ecologist Mauro Galetti and his colleagues measured the seed sizes of palms in forest fragments with and without toucans. The graphs show two of the forest populations they studied. What is the take-home message of the data?
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Ch. 3 - In everyday English, the word adaptation means an...Ch. 3 - a. Describe Darwins four postulates in your own...Ch. 3 - Think about how the finch bill data demonstrate...Ch. 3 - According to the text, it is correct to claim that...Ch. 3 - A common creationist criticism of the finch study...Ch. 3 - Suppose that you are starting a long-term study of...Ch. 3 - At the end of an article on how mutations in...Ch. 3 - Describe three major objections to Darwins theory...Ch. 3 - Many working scientists are relatively...Ch. 3 - a. Describe Behes argument of irreducible...
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- Consider two bird species that forage for insects that live in shrubs. The shrubs have a clumped, patchy distribution throughout their habitat. The two bird species have the same ability to locate, capture, and consume the insects. However, one species (species A) uses less energy to fly from patch to patch than the other species (species B). According to the marginal value theorem, which bird species should spend more time in each patch, and why?arrow_forwardUse the key info from the previous slide to make a prediction about the finches In 1977, there was a severe drought on the island, which caused many of the plants to die out. Because the finches eat the seeds of many of these plants, the population of birds had to compete for the seeds that were available. Most seed-eating finches prefer to eat the small, soft seeds (particularly during the drought), leaving only the large, tough Tribulus seeds for the finches not lucky enough to get to the small seeds in time. I predict that after the drought, . Submitarrow_forwardIn response to warmer spring temperatures, a plant species is flowering earlier in the year than it would have historically. However, its primary pollinator, the bumblebee, has not been as responsive to temperature changes and continues to emerge at the same time as usual. As a result, peak floral displays have finished prior to pollinator emergence. This change in plant-pollinator interactions is an example of: a.Uncoupling of interdependent species b.Sympatric speciation c.Heterochrony d.Interspecific evolutionarrow_forward
- Hawaiian forests grow on nutrient-poor, volcanic-derived soils that have Very low phosphorus levels. In an experiment, scientists fertilized some areas of Hawaiian forest with phosphorus. As a control, they left other areas unfertilized. After one year, they observed increased tree growth on fertilized sites. Fertilized trees supported 37% more herbivorous insect biomass than unfertilized trees. These findings provide evidence that: Hawaiian forest food chains exhibit bottom-up structure Hawaiian forest food chains exhibit both bottom-up and top-down structure Hawaiian forests are resilient but not necessarily resistant Hawaiian forests exhibit alternate stable states Hawaiian forest food chains exhibit top-down structurearrow_forwardTwo dosely related Aster species occupy two different habitats. The first one (Aster 1) lives in a temperate forest understory that experiences few disturbances but intense competition for light. The second (Aster 2) Ilives in a prairie environment that experiences frequent disturbances such as fires, grazing, and droughts. Which species do you expect to have larger seeds? Which species do you expect to produce more seeds? ) Aster 1 has larger and more seeds than Aster 2 Aster 2 has larger and more seeds than Aster 1 Aster 1 has smaller and more seeds than Aster 2 Aster 2 has smaller and more seeds than Aster 1 Aster 1 has smaller and fewer seeds than Aster 2 Aster 2 has smaller and fever seeds than Aster1arrow_forwardThese data were collected over a 5-year period for a perennial compass plant. What is the rate of growth of the population if the carrying capacity is 1000 (using 202 for starting population size)? What is the fastest rate of growth possible for this population?arrow_forward
- For each hypothesis, identify the independent and dependent variable. Also, decide on an appropriate control group and form of data. I. Red light will cause the rate of transpiration to increase in pea plants. a. Independent variable? | b. Dependent variable? c. Control group? d. Quantitative or Qualitative data? 2. If oxygen levels are lowered in a lake, then the number of fish will decrease. a. Independent variable? b. Dependent variable? c. Control group? d. Quantitative or Qualitative data? 3. If paramecium are exposed to green light, then they will move towards the green light. a. Independent variable? b. Dependent variable? c. Control group? d. Quantitative or Qualitative data? 4. If a 50% sugar solution is present, then E. coli will reproduce at a faster rate. a. Independent variable? b. Dependent variable? c. Control group? d. Quantitative or Qualitative data? 5. If liver cells are exposed to a 70% salt solution, then the liver cells will burst. a. Independent variable? b.…arrow_forwardA population of 1,492 finches is introduced to a rainforest. Over the next year, the finches show a death rate of 0.395 while the population drops to 1,134. What's the birth rate for this population? Is this proving to be a suitable habitat? (Two answers) * Yes, this is a suitable habitat. The birth rate is higher than the death rate. No, this is not a suitable habitat. The birth rate is much lower then the death rate. 589 -358 0.155 0.845 Which of the following is true of a population approaching its carrying capacity? The population's rate of increase approaches zero. ロロロ□arrow_forward(see image attached) a) In what ways are floral traits similar or different between hawkmoth and bat pollination syndromes b) In what ways are floral traits similar or different between bee and bat pollination syndromes c) Which pollinator shift is more likely to lead to reproductive isolation between populations that have the ancestral pollinator and populations that have bat pollinators? a) hawkmoth to bat b) bee to bat and why? / rationalearrow_forward
- Consider two species A and 8, with natural growth rates rA = 2 and re = 4 respectively, and natural carrying capacities MA = 600 and MB = 20, respectively. Suppose the species interact so that e = 0.5 and eg = 0.1. (a) If the species interact according to competition: (Give your answers correct to at least two decimal places.) The interesting equilibrium occurs when A = and B = If the initial populations are A(0) = 2 and B(0) = 1, one of the two species eventually dominates. Which one? O Species A O Species B !3! What is the long-term population of this dominant species? (Give your answer correct to the nearest integer.) (b) If the species interact according to symbiosis: (Give your answers correct to the nearest integer.) The interesting equilibrium occurs when A= and 8- If the initial populations are A(0) - 39 and B(0) = 4, what happens? O one species dies off O both species die off O both species survive (c) If the species interact according to commensalism: (Give your answers…arrow_forwardAn alpine wildflower species varies in flower color. There are red-flowered plants (RR), red and white-flowered plants (RW) and white-flowered plants (WW) in population. Initially, the genotype frequencies are red RR= 0.35, red/white RW=0.34. and white WW=.31 Flower color affects reproduction success because it influences pollinator behavior. After a new pollinator colonizes the meadow where this wildflower lives, the average number of offspring per plant is red=105, red/white= 89, white =96 What will be the genotype frequencies in the first generation of plants following natural selection due to the new pollinator? Round all values to 2 decimal places In the rationale, explain how you arrived at the answer A. RR=.71 RW=.07 WW=.22 B. RR=.34 RW=.60 WW=.06 C.RR=.68 RW=.23 WW=.09 D. RR=.45 RW=.52 WW=.03 E RR=.38 WW=.31 WW=.31 F. RR=.35RW=.34 WW=.31 Rationale:_______________________________________arrow_forwardA population of 1,492 finches is introduced to a rainforest. Over the next year, the finches show a death rate of 0.395 while the population drops to 1,134. What's the birth rate for this population? Is this proving to be a suitable habitat? (Two answers) a) Yes, this is a suitable habitat. The birth rate is higher than the death rate. b) No, this is not a suitable habitat. The birth rate is much lower than the death rate. c) 589 d) -358 e) 0.155 f) 0.845arrow_forward
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