Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 15TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The evidence that supports evolution of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic membrane from acommon ancestor and active transport.
Introduction:
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are the cells that greatly differ from each other in many aspects. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that include bacteria, while eukaryotes are mostly multicellular and are more advanced than prokaryotes. Eukaryotes possess well-defined nuclei while prokaryotes lack it.
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The pre-cell (before the appearance of life) formed during Chemical Evolution has an outer membrane that is a phospholipid bilayer. Given the properties of the water in the prebiotic ocean. One would expect that H2O and ions would:
A) move through the fatty acid layer of the phospholipid bilayer out of the pre-cell,
B) be unable to move through the bilayer,
C) move through the phosphate groups in the pre cell phospholipid bilayer and move into cell,
D) dissolve the bilayer,
E) transport proteins into the pre cell.
You are required to design a carbon-based, eukaryotic, unicellular organism that contains membrane-bound organelles that match those on Earth. Describe specific structures and components that you would include in the cell wall, plasma membrane and internal cell membranes of your cell that would assist the cell's survival in the low temperatures and high pressure experienced on Kepler-28d.
True or False
Cell walls are present in the cells of archaea, bacteria, algae, fungi, and plants only.
Photosynthetic unicellular prokaryotes such as Oscillatoria exhibit a green color when viewed under a microscope because of the presence of numerous chloroplasts.
The nuclear membrane is a double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus and is continuous with the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 5.1 - Describe the fluid mosaic model for membrane...Ch. 5.1 - Give two examples each of integral proteins and...Ch. 5.2 - What is the difference between passive and active...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 5.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 5.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 5.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 5 - In the fluid mosaic model: plasma membrane...Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements is false?...Ch. 5 - The freeze-fracture technique demonstrated: a....Ch. 5 - A characteristic of carrier molecules in a primary...Ch. 5 - A driving ion moving through a membrane channel in...Ch. 5 - Phagocytosis illustrates which phenomenon? a....Ch. 5 - Place in order the following events of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 5 - Which of the following statements is true for the...Ch. 5 - Using the principle of diffusion, a dialysis...Ch. 5 - Discuss Concepts The bacterium Vibrio cholera...Ch. 5 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 5 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 5 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 5 - Some cancer cells are insensitive to typical...Ch. 5 - Some cancer cells are insensitive to typical...
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- 1. Movement of molecules through the cell membrane: A). Define the difference between passive transport and active transport, B). Include examples of each. C). For each example specify the type of cell, the name of the membrane protein(s), and the substance that is being transported. 2. Energy and cellular functions: The evolution of the Prokaryotic cell type into the Eukaryotic cell type is about an increase in cell size and complexity. The Chloroplast and the mitochondrion represent important contributors to this process. A). Compare the structure of the Chloroplasts and the Mitochondrion in the evolution of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes B). How does each contribute to the evolution of and success of the Eukaryote cell type.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is correct? a. Ribosomes are only found in bacteria and archaea. b. Some animal cells are prokaryotic c. Only eukaryotic cells have mitochondria d. The plasma membrane is the outermost boundary of all cells. e. Some cell membranes do not consists of lipids.arrow_forwardCompare and Contrast the following between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell 1. Ribosome 2. Flagella 3. Glycocalyx 4. Plasma membrane 5. Cytoplasm and its inclusion bodiesarrow_forward
- The fluid mosaic model was first proposed by S.J. Singer and Grath L. Nicolson in 1972 to explain the structure of the plasma membrane. Discuss the structure of the different lipid molecules within the plasma membrane and relate it to their functions in the animal cell. You may choose any animal cell that you have learnt biologyarrow_forwardThe figure below illustrates a eukaryotic cell. An illustration of a eukaryotic cell A B www C rough endoplasmic reticulum Which of the following best describes how the two labeled structures work together? D خت nucleus They break down nutrients for the production of ATP via cellular respiration. They use stored genetic material to synthesize proteins. They synthesize sugars from water and carbon dioxide via photosynthesis. They Isolate and secrete toxic material from the cell via exocytosis. 13 14arrow_forwardIn observing a cell, you note the presence of flagella. What could you look for to distinguish this specimen between a prokaryotic cell and an animal cell? Group of answer choices Confirm the presence or absence of a plasma membrane. Confirm the presence of a cell wall. Confirm the presence or absence of a nucleus. Confirm the presence or absence of ribosomes.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not present in animal cells? [A] Cell walls[B] Mitochondria[C] Ribosomes[D] Cytoplasmarrow_forwardMatch the folling eukaryotic structures with their function: Aerobic Cellular Respiration Genetic material storage 1. Nucleus 2. Mitochondria Protein Synthesis 3. Ribosome Site of packaging and distribution of materials 4. RER throughout the cell 5. SER Membranous channels where proteins for export are synthesized 6. Golgi Apparatus Site of Mermbrane Lipid synthesisarrow_forwardWhy is the mitochondria so important to a eukaryoWhich is an example of a prokaryotic cell?tic cell? What is the plasmid in prokaryotes? What is the jelly-like matrix in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes that provides form to the cell and holds many of the organelles? What attribute should a hypothesis contain so that it lends itself to an objective experiment that relies on quantitative observations and data? Which is a properly written hypothesis?Which hypothesis states that no statistical significance exists between the independent and dependent variable? Question options: statistical hypothesis complex hypothesis null hypothesis alternative hypothesis simple hypothesisarrow_forward
- Below is a list of molecules with different chemical characteristics. Knowing that all molecules will eventually diffuse across a phospholipid bilayer, select the option below that most accurately predicts the relative rates of diffusion of these molecules (slowest < fastest). Alanine (amino acid), estrogen (steroid), Propanol (alcohol), sodium (salt) O a. estrogen < sodium < propanol < alanine O b. estrogen < propanol < alanine < sodium O c. alanine < propanol < sodium < estrogen O d. sodium < alanine < propanol < estrogenarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the two domains of prokaryotes is NOT true? Group of answer choices the lipid composition of the plasma membrane in archaebacteria is different from eubacteria of the two groups, eubacteria are more closely related to domain eukarya eubacteria includes the proteobacteria, chlamydia and cyanobacteria both archaebacteria and eubacteria has cell wall but archaebacteria lack peptidoglycanarrow_forwardGive the respective structural descriptions and functions of the following: 1. Cell Membrane 2. Nucleus 3. Nucleolus 4. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 5. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 6. Nuclear Membrane 7. Mitochondria 8. Golgi Apparatus 9. Cytoskeletonarrow_forward
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