Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 12Q
Discuss factors that might cause mutation rates to vary among individuals in populations, and among species.
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1a) In a very large population, if the forward and reverse mutation rates are exactly the same, how would you expect the frequency of an original, non-mutated allele to change in the population over time? Will the population eventually achieve an equilibrium value of the frequency of the non-mutated allele?
b) What if the forward mutation rate is one order of magnitude larger (e. 10X) than the reverse mutation rate? Do you expect the frequency of the original, non-mutated allele to increase, decrease, or stay the same over time?
c) If the population size is considerably smaller, does this change your expectations for changes in the frequency of the original, non-mutated allele over several generations?
The use of nucleotide sequence data to measure genetic variability is complicated by the fact that the genes of higher eukaryotes are complex in organization and contain 5′ and 3′ flanking regions as well as introns. Researchers have compared the nucleotide sequence of two cloned alleles of the g-globin gene from a single individual and found a variation of 1 percent. Those differences include 13 substitutions of one nucleotide for another and 3 short DNA segments that have been inserted in one allele or deleted in the other. None of the changes takes place in the gene’s exons (coding regions). Why do you think this is so, and should it change our concept of genetic variation?
As discussed, the overall rate of mutations in humans is estimated to be about 1 × 10−8 mutations per base pair per generation. How many new mutations would you expect each person to carry, on average, based on this mutation rate? Other studies have estimated that each person carries about 100 new loss-of-function mutations. How does this number compare with your estimate of the number of mutations based on the mutation rate? What might account for any differences?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Ch. 5 - What is the difference between genetic variation,...Ch. 5 - We noted on the first page of the chapter that...Ch. 5 - Because you are studying different subjects, the...Ch. 5 - What are reaction norms, and why do they matter?...Ch. 5 - Consider the nucleotide sequence TGACTAACGGCT....Ch. 5 - Consider a population containing the following...Ch. 5 - How many redheads live in a village of 250 people,...Ch. 5 - Diagram two processes through which genes can be...Ch. 5 - If a gene gets retroduplicated, how can you...Ch. 5 - How do chromosome inversions happen? What...
Ch. 5 - Diagram the sequence of events that leads to the...Ch. 5 - Discuss factors that might cause mutation rates to...Ch. 5 - Which kind of mutation is most common: lethal,...Ch. 5 - Compare and contrast the evolutionary roles of...Ch. 5 - Suppose a silent mutation occurs in an exon that...Ch. 5 - The amino acid sequences encoded by the red and...Ch. 5 - Chromosome number can evolve by smaller-scale...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Between gene mutation and structural mutations, which of the two types of mutation would likely persist in the population? Explain.arrow_forwardName three factors that can influence the mutation rates of human genes.arrow_forwardDefine all the terms we use to describe the different types of mutations. For example, true-back mutation, point mutation, deletion, insertion, frame-shifting, conditional, silent,arrow_forward
- You have sequenced a few individuals in the population and found out that there are only two alleles in the population: one is GGGTCC and the other GGGTAC. You also knew that the DNA sequence encodes two amino acid residues. The mutation responsible for the difference is an insertion mutation a transition mutation nonsynonymous mutation a neutral mutation a silent mutationarrow_forwardBetween gene mutation and structural mutations, which of the two types of mutation would likely persist in the population?arrow_forwardInclude a description as to why disrupting the expression of each gene leads to the phenotype observed of C.Elegans bli-1, dpy-10, rol-6, unc-22, egl-1 and pos-1arrow_forward
- From the figure (specifically the slope of the imaginary trend line), what is the general relationship between mutation rate and genome size?arrow_forwardwhich of the following statements about genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is correct? A) involves scanning the genomes of thousands of unrelated individuals with a particular mutation and comparing them with the genomes of individuals who do not have the mutation. B) involves scanning the genomes of thousands of unrelated individuals with a particular disease and comparing them with the genomes of individuals who do not have the disease C) attempt to identify genes that influence mutation risk D) attempt to identify genes that influence disease risk E) involves scanning the genomes of thousands of unrelated individuals with a particular disease and comparing them with the genomes of individuals who do not have the disease and GWAS attempt to identify genes that influence disease riskarrow_forward#22.hereTopic: Recombinant pharmaceuticals (for the production of insulin, human growth hormone or blood clotting factors) Question Describe the molecular genetics process using proper scientific terminology. Describe the steps that are involved. How is it performed?.arrow_forward
- Select all the examples of mutations that are likely to have a global effect on gene expressioarrow_forwardWhat is mutation? describe its type and how mutation and evolution are interrelated. Discussarrow_forwardWrite a paragraph describing the evolutionary forces driving changes in the human genome. You can include evolutionary forces such as random genetic drift, mutation, migration, and natural selection. These forces would have long-term and short-term effects on coding and non-coding DNA, the abundance of transposable elements, and the birth and death of genes. You can focus on a subset of the human population, or the entire species.arrow_forward
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