The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles. Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

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The figure shows a phylogenetic tree of various members of the order Proboscidea, which includes modern elephants. Which of the following claims is best supported by the information in the figure ? a.The mastodon and the Stegodon diverged from their common ancestor 22 million years ago. b.The common ancestor of the African elephant and the mastodon is the Palaeomastodon. c.The mammoth diverged from its most recent common ancestor with African elephants before the mastodon diverged from its most recent common ancestor with Stegodons. d.The Asian and African elephants are the most closely related species shown on the tree.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

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Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

Answer 12

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

Answer 13

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

Answer 14

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

Answer 15

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 2 - Prob. 1PDT Ch. 2 - Prob. 2PDT Ch. 2 - Prob. 3PDT Ch. 2 - Prob. 4PDT Ch. 2 - Prob. 5PDT

Solution Summary: The author explains that the reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait.

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