Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259709227
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor, Heidi Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2, Problem 21Q
You perform the special stain for bacterial flagella on a specimen. You don’t know if the bacteria you are staining possess flagella or not. When you examine the specimen you see no flagella on the bacteria. What are all the possibilities for why you didn’t see them?
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You receive a bacterial culture in the lab and your job is to figure out information which will be helpful. You are only allowed to use one of the staining methods we practiced. Which one would be the best option? Why? And what will this information help you determine? Explain.
An acid-fast staining method was performed on a bacterial smear using the dyes carbolfuchsin and methylene blue. The resulting stained slide contained only cells that appeared blue when visualized using a microscope. Which of the following could explain why only blue cells were present?
No acid-fast bacteria are present on the slide
Methylene blue was not used
Carbolfuchsin was not used
Acid-alcohol was not used
You are performing a Gram stain on Gram-negative bacteria, and you stop after the addition of the alcohol. What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point?
○ pink
○ colorless
○ blue
○ purple
Chapter 2 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Ch. 2.1 - Explain what the Five Is are and what each step...Ch. 2.1 - Discuss three physical states of media and when...Ch. 2.1 - Compare and contrast selective and differential...Ch. 2.1 - Provide brief definitions for defined media and...Ch. 2.1 - Medical Moment The Making of the Flu Vaccine: An...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1NPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 2NPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 5AYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 7AYP
Ch. 2.2 - Give examples of simple, differential, and special...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3NPCh. 2.2 - Medical Moment Gram-Positive Versus Gram-Negative...Ch. 2 - The identities of microorganisms on our planet a....Ch. 2 - Prob. 2QCh. 2 - Often bacteria that are freshly isolated from a...Ch. 2 - Which of these types of organisms is least likely...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5QCh. 2 - Some bacteria can produce a structure called an...Ch. 2 - A fastidious organism must be grown on what type...Ch. 2 - Write a short paragraph to differentiate among the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 9QCh. 2 - Viruses are commonly grown in/on a. animal cells...Ch. 2 - Can you devise a growth medium with ingredients...Ch. 2 - There is a type of differential medium that can...Ch. 2 - Prob. 13QCh. 2 - Several bacteria live naturally in a material on...Ch. 2 - Archaea often grow naturally in extreme...Ch. 2 - Prob. 16QCh. 2 - After performing the streak plate procedure on a...Ch. 2 - You are a scientist studying a marsh area...Ch. 2 - Prob. 19QCh. 2 - Prob. 20QCh. 2 - You perform the special stain for bacterial...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1VC
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- After conducting the Gram staining procedures and you observe nothing (you didn’t see anything) in your slide under the microscope, what could be the mistake you have done? What can you observe when you view a Gram stained-mixture of bacterial specimen?arrow_forwardYou have performed an experiment and your aim is to obtain pure colonies. However, you observe some colony variations and you need to verify that this is not due to contamination, name and describe the staining method would you use to achieve this goal?arrow_forwardWhen performing a Gram stain on a Gram-negative bacteria, why does the bacteria stain pink? Crystal violet stain binds to iodine and remains in the bacterial cell wall because of the thick peptidoglycan layer. Safranin counterstain gets in the bacteria’s cell wall to stain the cell pink. The alcohol wash removes crystal violet and iodine from the bacteria. Crystal violet stain binds to iodine and remains in the bacteria cell wall because of the thick peptidoglycan layer AND Safranin counterstain gets in the bacteria’s cell wall to stain the cell pink. Safranin counterstain gets in the bacteria’s cell wall to stain the cell pink AND The alcohol wash removes crystal violet and iodine from the bacteria.arrow_forward
- Janet is doing a Gram stain on a mixed culture that is known to contain both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. After finishing, she realizes she mixed up the safranin and alcohol steps. What is likely to be observed when she views the slide under the microscope? All cells will appear purple, regardless of whether they are actually Gram negative or Gram positive. All cells will appear pink, regardless of whether they are actually Gram negative or Gram positive. Gram negative cells will be clear, Gram positive cells will be purple. Gram positive cells will be clear, Gram negative cells will be pink. Cells will appear clear, regardless of whether they are actually Gram negative or Gram positive.arrow_forwardYou look at a slide you prepared and, despite the fact that you know you put organism onto the slide in the first place, no organism remains on the slide at the end of the methylene blue staining. Identify TWO different problems in staining that could lead to this outcome.arrow_forwardThe bacterial cells in the image below were stained with a high concentration of carbolfuschin for an extended period of time (5 minutes) while the slide was heated. The slide was decolorized with a mixture of acid and alcohol. The slide was then counter-stained with methylene blue. What kind of stain does this describe?arrow_forward
- This part of the staining process helps the primary stain to remain in the cell during decolorization. O 1) Secondary stain O 2) primary stain O 3) counterstain O 4) fixing reagent O 5) mordantarrow_forwardYou make a smear of E. coli and then simple stain the slide with methylene blue. If you failed to use correct aseptic technique by not sterilizing the loop before picking up the bacterial sample for the smear, what results may be seen under the microscope? A Both blue and purple cells may be seen on the slide. B No cells may be visible on the slide. C There may be cells of different shapes, sizes, and arrangements.arrow_forwardYou and a partner conduct the acid-fast staining using the same two bacteria. You know that there will be an acid-fast bacteria present. Your slide shows acid-fast and non-acid fast bacteria. Your partners show both bacteria are non-acid fast. Your partner doesn’t understand why. What errors have occurred?arrow_forward
- One of your classmates performed a gram stain on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and found variable gram staining, with only some of the cells gram positive. What should your classmate have found ? What errors could have contributed to the variable result?arrow_forwardYou partner stained bacterial cells and saw only the background and not the actual cell was stained. Your partner thought this was a mistake. Please explain what type of staining method this is, how it works and why the background and cell is not stained.arrow_forwardSuppose you performed a Gram stain on a sample, from a pure culture of bacteria and you observed a field of red and purple cocci. Adjacent cells were not always the same color. What do you conclude?arrow_forward
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