Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960060
Author: Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 18.4E
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A steroid is to be classified as saponifiable or nonsaponifiable lipid.

Concept introduction:

Lipids are one of those macromolecular substances that are present in the living cell. The cell membrane of the living cell is made up of lipids. The lipids have a greasy, waxy and oily texture. The lipids are insoluble in water. They include natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

Expert Solution
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Answer to Problem 18.4E

A steroid is a nonsaponifiable lipid.

Explanation of Solution

A hydrolysis reaction carried out in a basic solution is known as saponification reaction. The term saponifiable lipids indicate the lipids that can undergo saponification reaction. The lipids that have ester group are saponifiable lipids. The basic structure of steroid is composed of three six-member ring and one five-member ring. The steroid ring system is shown below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.4E , additional homework tip  1

Figure 1

The basic structure of steroid does not have any ester group. Therefore, a steroid is a nonsaponifiable lipid.

Conclusion

A steroid is a nonsaponifiable lipid.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Wax is to be classified as saponifiable or nonsaponifiable lipid.

Concept introduction:

Lipids are one of those macromolecular substances that are present in the living cell. The cell membrane of the living cell is made up of lipids. The lipids have a greasy, waxy and oily texture. The lipids are insoluble in water. They include natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.4E

Wax is a saponifiable lipid.

Explanation of Solution

A hydrolysis reaction carried out in a basic solution is known as saponification reaction. The term saponifiable lipids indicate the lipids that can undergo saponification reaction. The lipids that have ester group are saponifiable lipids. The wax is an ester of long-chain alcohol and a fatty acid. The structure of a simple wax that is beeswax is shown below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.4E , additional homework tip  2

Figure 2

The basic structure of wax has an ester group. Therefore, wax is a saponifiable lipid.

Conclusion

Wax is a saponifiable lipid.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

A triglyceride is to be classified as saponifiable or nonsaponifiable lipid.

Concept introduction:

Lipids are one of those macromolecular substances that are present in the living cell. The cell membrane of the living cell is made up of lipids. The lipids have a greasy, waxy and oily texture. The lipids are insoluble in water. They include natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.4E

A triglyceride is a saponifiable lipid.

Explanation of Solution

A hydrolysis reaction carried out in a basic solution is known as saponification reaction. The term saponifiable lipids indicate the lipids that can undergo saponification reaction. The lipids that have ester group are saponifiable lipids. The triglyceride is formed from glycerol and three fatty acids with ester bonds. The general structure of triglyceride is shown below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.4E , additional homework tip  3

Figure 3

The basic structure of triglyceride has ester groups. Therefore, a triglyceride is a saponifiable lipid.

Conclusion

A triglyceride is a saponifiable lipid.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

A phosphoglyceride is to be classified as saponifiable or nonsaponifiable lipids.

Concept introduction:

Lipids are one of those macromolecular substances that are present in the living cell. The cell membrane of the living cell is made up of lipids. The lipids have a greasy, waxy and oily texture. The lipids are insoluble in water. They include natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.4E

A phosphoglyceride is a saponifiable lipid.

Explanation of Solution

A hydrolysis reaction carried out in a basic solution is known as saponification reaction. The term saponifiable lipids indicate the lipids that can undergo saponification reaction. The lipids that have ester group are saponifiable lipids. The structure of phosphoglyceride is similar to that of a triglyceride. The only difference between triglyceride and phosphoglyceride is that on the third carbon of glycerol, a phosphate group is attached in the phosphoglyceride. The general structure of phosphoglyceride is shown below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.4E , additional homework tip  4

Figure 4

The basic structure of phosphoglyceride has ester groups. Therefore, a phosphoglyceride is a saponifiable lipid.

Conclusion

A phosphoglyceride is a nonsaponifiable lipid.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

A glycolipid is to be classified as saponifiable or nonsaponifiable lipid.

Concept introduction:

Lipids are one of those macromolecular substances that are present in the living cell. The cell membrane of the living cell is made up of lipids. The lipids have a greasy, waxy and oily texture. The lipids are insoluble in water. They include natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.4E

A glycolipid is a saponifiable lipid.

Explanation of Solution

A hydrolysis reaction carried out in a basic solution is known as saponification reaction. The term saponifiable lipids indicate the lipids that can undergo saponification reaction. The lipids that have ester group are saponifiable lipids. The glycolipid contains carbohydrate in it. The glycolipids are also termed as cerebroside as they are present in the brain. The typical structure of glycolipid (cerebroside) is shown below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.4E , additional homework tip  5

Figure 5

The basic structure of glycolipid does not have an ester group but they have an amide group that can undergo saponification. Therefore, a glycolipid is a saponifiable lipid.

Conclusion

A glycolipid is a saponifiable lipid.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

A prostaglandin is to be classified as saponifiable or nonsaponifiable lipid.

Concept introduction:

Lipids are one of those macromolecular substances that are present in the living cell. The cell membrane of the living cell is made up of lipids. The lipids have a greasy, waxy and oily texture. The lipids are insoluble in water. They include natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 18.4E

Prostaglandin is a nonsaponifiable lipid.

Explanation of Solution

A hydrolysis reaction carried out in a basic solution is known as saponification reaction. The term saponifiable lipids indicate the lipids that can undergo saponification reaction. The lipids that have ester group are saponifiable lipids. The basic structure prostaglandin is composed of a five-member ring with two substituted carbon chain. The structure of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) is shown below.

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.4E , additional homework tip  6

Figure 6

The basic structure of prostaglandin does not have an ester group. Therefore, a prostaglandin is a nonsaponifiable lipid.

Conclusion

Prostaglandin is a nonsaponifiable lipid.

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Chapter 18 Solutions

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry

Ch. 18 - What structural feature of a fatty acid is...Ch. 18 - How are fats and oils structurally similar? How...Ch. 18 - From Figure 18.7, arrange the following substances...Ch. 18 - Draw the structure of a triglyceride that contains...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.15ECh. 18 - The percentage of fatty acid composition of two...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.17ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.18ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.19ECh. 18 - Why is the hydrogenation of vegetable oils of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.21ECh. 18 - Write reactions to show how each of the following...Ch. 18 - Draw the structure of a wax formed from oleic acid...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.24ECh. 18 - Draw the structure of a wax formed from stearic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.26ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.27ECh. 18 - Draw the general block diagram structure of a...Ch. 18 - Draw the structure of a phosphoglyceride...Ch. 18 - Describe two biological roles served by the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.31ECh. 18 - What is the structural difference between a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.33ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.34ECh. 18 - List two structural differences between...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.36ECh. 18 - Describe the structural similarities and...Ch. 18 - Give another name for glycolipids. In what tissues...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.39ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.40ECh. 18 - How does the polarity of the phosphoglycerides...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.42ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.43ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.44ECh. 18 - Explain how bile salts aid in the digestion of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.46ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.47ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.48ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.49ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.50ECh. 18 - How are testosterone and progesterone structurally...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.52ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.53ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.54ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.55ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.56ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.57ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.58ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.59ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.60ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.61ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.62ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.63ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.64ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.65ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.66ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.67ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.68ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.69ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.70ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.71ECh. 18 - When a doughnut is placed on a napkin, the napkin...Ch. 18 - Fats belong to the class of organic compounds...Ch. 18 - Identify each of the following characteristics as...Ch. 18 - Identify which sex hormones testosterone,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.76ECh. 18 - In diseases of the gallbladder, which of the...Ch. 18 - Steroids are classified as: a.carbohydrates....Ch. 18 - Accumulation of cholesterol leads to the hardening...Ch. 18 - Cholesterol, in spite of its bad reputation, is an...Ch. 18 - Bile is manufactured in the: a. duodenum. b....Ch. 18 - The basic structure of cell membrane is a: a....Ch. 18 - The mineralocorticoid _____ is a product of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.84ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.85E
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