Why is it important that individuals calculate their own target heart rate zone when creating an exercise routine and why should that target zone be re-evaluated over time? The action potential of the squid neuron is an example of how membrane potential in cells are used. true or false
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Why is it important that individuals calculate their own target heart rate zone when creating an exercise routine and why should that target zone be re-evaluated over time?
The action potential of the squid neuron is an example of how membrane potential in cells are used.
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- Explain how the accelerometer and the EMG electrodes work together to generate data on response time?How does Logger Pro help you analyze this data?After exercising many of you saw an INCREASE in the amplitude of the pulse transducer suggesting vasodilation in the musculature AND an increase in heart rate. Which of the following combinations or regulatory factors explains this curious (but common) combination of physiological responses. Sympathetic NS increases vasodilation and increases heart rate Parasympathetic NS increases vasodilation and increases heart rate Parasympathetic NS increases vasodilation and sympathetic NS increases heart rate Local paracrine factors increase vasodilation and Frank-Starling effect increases heart rate Local paracrine factors increase vasodilation and Sympathetic NS increases heart rateAn artificial heart works in closed loop by varying its pumping rate according to changes in signals from the recipient's nervous system. For feedback compensation design it is important to know the heart's open-loop transfer function. To identify this transfer function, an artificial heart is implanted in a calf while the main parts of the original heart are left in place. Then the atrial pumping rate in the original heart is measured while step input changes are effected on the artificial heart. It has been found that. in general, the obtained response closely resembles that of a second-order system. In one such experiment it was found that the step response has a %OS = 30% and a time of first peak 7, 127 sec (Nakamura, 2002). Find the corresponding transfer function. Aside from the corresponding transfer function, determine the following as well: delay time, rise time, settling time and steady state error if input is a step response. CO M
- Caffeine lowers the heart rate by increasing rates of depolarization at the SA node True False Nicotine raises the heart rate because it stimulates the activity of the sympathetic neurons in medulla oblongata True False The Frank-Starling Law of the Heart states that the force of heart contraction is directly proportional to the initial length of the muscle fiber, within optimal limits of length True False If the sarcomeres stretched beyond the optimal length, the force of contraction would go down, but that can potentially happen only during open heart surgery when the heart is not constrained by the pericardium, lungs, ribs and diaphragm. True False It is the Na+ channel-driven spontaneous depolarization that is affected by sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs to speed up or slow down the firing rate of the SA node and other conductive cells. True FalseDuring rhythmic, moderately intense aerobic exercise, there is a redistribution of blood flow throughout the body. Which of the following statements is true? O beta-2 receptors cause dilation and increased blood flow to the exercising muscle there is a large increase in blood flow to the brain to keep you alert mean arterial pressure increases 5-8x due to a similar increase in total cardiac output blood flow to the kidneys and gut increases due to the presence of alpha-2 receptorsWhich of the following statements best describes the differences in the regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction? The amount of contractile force actively generated by muscle cells is increased by stretch in skeletal muscle and decreased by stretch in cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is stimulated by motor neurons and skeletal muscle by neurones from the autonomic nervous system. Skeletal muscle contractile force is augmented by increasing the firing frequency of action potentials whereas cardiac muscle contractile force is enhanced by noradrenaline increasing calcium influx through ion channels. Ryanodine receptors in skeletal muscle are opened by a mechanism that requires calcium influx whereas in cardiac muscle membrane depolarisation alone without calcium influx is sufficient to open ryanodine receptors.
- The following are oscilloscope tracings displaying the contractile activity of an isolated frog heart. Tracing A was taken while the heart was suspended in 23°C standard Ringer's solution. What was most likely changed to obtain tracing B? 2 4 21 Time (msec) 5 Time (msec) F 1161 TA 8 CO 10 O The Ringer's solution was cooled to 5°C Acetylcholine was added to the Ringer's solution A cholinergic agonist was added to the Ringer's solution O An adrenergic antagonist was added to the Ringer's solution Epinephrine was added to the Ringer's solutionThe basic assumption behind use of heart rate monitors to assess physical activity is that the heart rate increases linearly with the intensity of movement. True FalseA 65-year old man with heart failure is unable to climb a flight of stairs without experiencing dyspnea. After several years of therapy with carvedilol, captopril and furosemide, the therapeutic plan probably needs to change now. You empirically add digoxin to improve cardiac muscle contractility. Within 4 week he has a marked improvement in his symptoms. Which of the following best describes the main cellular action of digoxin that accounts for its ability to improve his cardiovascular function? Activates beta1-adrenergic receptors Facilitates GTP binding to specific proteins Increases mitochondrial calcium (Ca++) release Inhibits sarcolemmal Na/K-ATP-ase
- During the late phases (plateau) of the action potential of fast myocardium (e.g. ventricle) which is not true of the sodium channel? OA. Defects in inactivation can prolong the action potential and lead to long QT syndrome. OB. It is refractory. OC.A slower inactivation gate keeps the channel shut in response to sustained depolarization. OD. It fires transiently early on in the action potential and is not active during the late plateau. O E. All are true.The pressure in the aorta changes throughout the cardiac cycle. During systole, as the heart contracts, the outflux of blood into the aorta causes an increase in pressure, whereas during diastole the pressure decreases as the heart relaxes. A simple model for the aortic pressure waveform is given by the Windkessel effect described by the image below. In this model, the heart is considered a pressure generating pump which is directly connected to an elastic compartment (the aorta), which in turn is connected to a rigid set of peripheral vessels (the hose of the firefighter). 5 Pump Heart Air Windkessel Elastic arteries In order to find the aortic pressure waveform from the Windkessel model, a mass balance formulation around the aorta must be formulated. Coming into the aorta from the heart we have the flowrate Q(t). According to conservation of mass, this inflow rate Q(t) must be equal to the outflow rate into the peripheral vessels and the change in volume of the aorta. To find these…This is an experiment my classmate and I made how the pulse rate would change when putting your hands on ice we have the pulse num before putting the hand on ice and after my prof want to graph this but I don't know to do a graph