Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8.L1, Problem 22MCQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The
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Beside each compound listed, indicate what stage or stages of cellular respiration it is associated with by placing an 'X' in each applicable box.
Compound
Glycolysis
Pyruvate Oxidation
Kreb's Cycle
ETC/Chemiosmosis
a. ATP
b. Acetyl-CoA
c. Citric Acid
d. Coenzyme A
e. Glucose
f. Pyruvate
g. FADH2
h. ATP synthase
i. CO2
j. H2O
k. O2
Identify in which reactions in glycolysis the followingfunctions occur.a. ATP consumptionb. ATP synthesisc. NADH synthesis
Why cannot gluconeogenesis and glycolysis be active at the same time?
a. False! Gluconeogenesis starts in mitochondria, glycolysis in cytoplasm, so they can be active at the same time!
b. True! Gluconeogenesis and Glycolysis use the same reversible enzyme, so these enzymes cannot support both reactions.
c. False! Gluconeogensis uses bypasses, so that's why both pathways can be active at the same time.
d. True! Gluconeogensis makes glucose, glycolysis breaks glucose. The purpose of both enzymes is clearly opposed.
e. False! Gluconeogenesis is in the liver, glycolysis is not - it's in the muscle, so a different organ.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 8.1 - 1. Define metabolism and differentiate its two...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2ELOCh. 8.1 - 3. outline the prominent characteristics of...Ch. 8.1 - 4. Explain how enzymes lower the energy required...Ch. 8.1 - 5. Discuss enzyme structure, and interactions...Ch. 8.1 - 6. Describe the types of enzyme functions and...Ch. 8.1 - 7. Summarize key features of enzyme regulation.Ch. 8.1 - 1. Differentiate between catabolism and anabolism...Ch. 8.1 - 2. Describe 10 important biochemical properties of...Ch. 8.1 - 3. Describe the chemistry of enzymes, and explain...
Ch. 8.1 - 4. Show diagrammatically the interaction of...Ch. 8.1 - 5. Differentiate among the chemical composition...Ch. 8.1 - 6. Summarize the direct and indirect controls that...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 8.2 - 9. Describe biological oxidation-reduction and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 8.2 - 7. Explain how oxidation of a substrate proceeds...Ch. 8.2 - 8. Refer to the blue redox equation for...Ch. 8.2 - 9. In the following redox pairs, which compound is...Ch. 8.2 - 10. a. Describe the roles played by ATP and NAD+...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 8.2 - 12. What is meant by the concept of the “final...Ch. 8.3 - 11. Relate the main points of bioenergetics and...Ch. 8.3 - 12. Describe the main catabolic pathways and their...Ch. 8.3 - 13. Define glycolysis and explain its input and...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 8.3 - 15. Describe the components of the respiratory...Ch. 8.3 - 16. Explain the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP...Ch. 8.3 - 17. Summarize the results of aerobic respiration.Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 8.3 - 13. Describe the basic energy strategies of...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 8.3 - 15. Outline the basic steps in glycolysis,...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 8.3 - 17. What is the fate of NADH in a fermentative...Ch. 8.3 - 18. Summarize the chemiosmotic theory of ATP...Ch. 8.3 - 19. Haw many ATPs could theoretically be formed...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 8.3 - 21. Name the sources of oxygen in bacteria that...Ch. 8.3 - 22. What are the final electron acceptors in...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 23CYPCh. 8.4 - 19. Explain what is meant by the term fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - 20. Describe some of the processes of fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - 24. What adaptive advantages does a fermentative...Ch. 8.4 - 25. Describe three patterns of fermentation...Ch. 8.5 - 21. Explain how cells perform anabolic functions...Ch. 8.5 - 22. Identify major pathways where molecules can be...Ch. 8.5 - 23. Briefly describe several mechanisms in...Ch. 8.5 - 26. What is meant by amphibolism, and what are its...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 27CYPCh. 8.5 - 28. Which macromolecules are synthesized by...Ch. 8.6 - 24. Outline the general reactions of...Ch. 8.6 - 25. Describe the pigment systems and how they...Ch. 8.6 - 26. Describe the main events in the...Ch. 8.6 - 27. Describe the main events in the...Ch. 8.6 - 29. Indicate whether each of the following is...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 30CYPCh. 8.6 - 31. What are the functions of chlorophyll and the...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 32CYPCh. 8.6 - 33. Compare oxygenic with nonoxygenic...Ch. 8.L1 - 1. ______ is another term for biosynthesis. a....Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 8.L1 - 3. An enzyme ___________ the activation energy...Ch. 8.L1 - 4. An enzyme a. becomes part of the final products...Ch. 8.L1 - 5. An apoenzyme is where the ___________ is...Ch. 8.L1 - 6. Many coenzymes contain a. metals b. vitamins c....Ch. 8.L1 - 7. To digest cellulose in its environment, a...Ch. 8.L1 - 8. Energy in biological systems is primarily a....Ch. 8.L1 - 9. Energy is carried from catabolic to anabolic...Ch. 8.L1 - 10. Exergonic reactions a. release potential...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 12MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 8.L1 - 14. Fermentation of a glucose molecule has the...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 15MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 16MCQCh. 8.L1 - 17. The FADH2 formed during the Krebs cycle enters...Ch. 8.L1 - 18. The proton motive force is the result of a....Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 19MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 20MCQCh. 8.L1 - 21. The oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 22MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 8.L1 - 2. Give the general name of the enzyme a. converts...Ch. 8.L1 - 3. Explain what is unique about the actions of ATP...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 4WCCh. 8.L1 - 5. Describe four requirements required for...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 6WCCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 7WCCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 8WCCh. 8.L2 - 1. Use the following graph to diagram the...Ch. 8.L2 - 2. Explain what is meant by the “biochemical...Ch. 8.L2 - 3. Explain how it is possible for certain microbes...Ch. 8.L2 - 4. Suggest the advantages of having metabolic...Ch. 8.L2 - 5. Two steps in glycolysis are catalyzed by...Ch. 8.L2 - 6. Beer production requires an early period of...Ch. 8.L2 - 7. What would be the expected pHs of the matrix...Ch. 8.L2 - 8. At which site in the mitochondrion and...Ch. 8.L2 - Prob. 9CTCh. 8.L2 - Prob. 10CTCh. 8.L2 - 1. From chapter 7. figure 7.11 (reproduced below)....Ch. 8.L2 - 2. Look at the two figure parts (a) and (b) from...
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- Please answer all the questions below. Answer ONLY or choose A or B. Thank you very much. ----------- 2. How many H+ are allowed to pass outside the protein complexes when electron passes through them? 3. What signals the start of the Krebs cycle? A. when glycolysis produces ATPs B. when pyruvate is converted from glucose 4. Which of the following conditions does not allow the occurrence of the Krebs cycle? A. when there is the presence of carbon dioxide B. when fermentation occurs 5. How many NADH are produced in the Krebs cycle when 2 molecules of glucose enters the cycle? 6. In aerobic respiration, glucose is first converted into pyruvate molecules. What compound must it changed to in order to proceed to the next stage? A. oxaloacatate B. puruvate 7. In the energy payoff stage, how many ATP (gross) ATP is produced in 2 glucose molecule? 8. ATP synthase synthesize ATP and release ATP towards? A. Inner mitochondrial membrane B. Mitochondrial matrix 9. What happens to…arrow_forward1. Choose all the correct answers. Enzyme catalyzing this reaction: COO CO0 но C-H + NAD* CH2 + NADH + H* CH2 лвенный тет CoO COO L-Malate Oxaloacetate A. Belongs to the class of transferases. B. Belongs to the class of oxidoreductases. C. Is a simple enzyme. D. Is a holoenzyme.arrow_forwarda. Why is the energy investment stage of glycolysis called as such? b. Why is the energy harvest stage of glycolysis named as such?arrow_forward
- Match each term with its description. a. Electron transport system Part of the cell in which citric acid cycles take place Last step in cellular respiration Compound that carries high energy electrons to the electron transport system b. Pyruvate C Mitochondria d. Acetyl coenzyme A e. Glycolysis f. NAD 9-Cytosol h. Lactate 1. Anaerobic i. Citric acid cyclearrow_forwardGlycolysis and Krebs cycle pror TWGPalygXphYW9-zKh7Bt-bdNc75nprw176dBUWOA mResponse 23. Select the situation that will NOT happen if ATP synthase is not functioning. O A. Damage to the chemiosmosis process. B. The number of ATP produced is reduced. C. ATP can be produced through oxidative phosphorylation. D. Accumulation of proton ions in the intercellular membrane. 24. Oxidation of organic compounds that produced carbon dioxide, water and release of free energy causing reduction of the final acceptor molecule: oxygen. Justify the reason. ray bonds than those inarrow_forwardWith regards to glycolysis, all of the following statements are FALSE except . a. glycolysis does not require oxygen o b. 4 net ATP are formed O c. 2 ATP gre formed in the energy payoff phase d. 1 ATP are used in the energy payoff phase e. glycolysis occurs in the mitochondriaarrow_forward
- 23. The substrate used in the LAST step of glycolysis is _____. Select one: a. phosphoenolpyruvate b. pyruvate c. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d. 1,3-bisphosphoglyceratearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements summarizes glycolysis?O c. Consume 4 ATP and produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH and 2 pyruvatesO a. Consume 2 ATP and produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH and 2 pyruvatesO d. Consume 2 ATP and produces 4 ATP, 4 NADH and 2 pyruvatesO b. Consume 2 ATP and produces 4 ATP, 2 NADH and 2 pyruvatesarrow_forwardDuring glycolysis there are two hexoses in the pathway. a. What are these two hexoses? b. What are the two phosphorylated products? What is the energy cost to phosphorylate them? C.arrow_forward
- Identify the conversion which is not involved in glycolysis. a.Glucose to glucose 6-phosphate by hexokinase b.Triose phosphate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglyceromutase c.PEP to pyruvic acid by pyruvate kinase d.Sucrose to glucose and fructose by invertasearrow_forwardPlease answer yes or no and give a short explanation. Thank you 1. The rate of glycolysis and glycogenolysis is controlled by phosphofructokinase. 2. Glycogen in the muscles falls with the formation of glucose-6-phosphate. 3. Is the process of anaerobic glycolysis accompanied by accumulation of NADH (H +)?arrow_forwardChoose TRUE statements regarding the process that occurs in cristae. I. ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase in inner membrane of mitochondrion. II. FADH2 transfers its hydrogen atoms to Citrate. III. Formation of water molecule. IV. Production of ATP in the electron transport chain is called oxidative phosphorylation. * A. I, II and IIII B. II and IV C. I, III and IV D. I, II, III and IVarrow_forward
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Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY