Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Chapter 5, Problem 4AC
Some cells in the nervous system wrap themselves around parts of neurons, serving as insulation for the electrical signals that flow inside neurons carried by ions. Given the general roles of protein and lipids in the cell membrane, which component would you predict to be more abundant in these insulating cells? Explain.
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A phospholipid bilayer with equal amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids displays a specific permeability to glucose. What effect will increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the bilayer have on the membrane's permeability to glucose?
Name:
b) Cellular membranes are generally found in environments that contain lots of water. Draw a
diagram of what the phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane would look like if it were placed
in a hydrophobic environment. (**Note that you only have to draw the phospholipid bilayer, you
don't have to draw the other major components again as you did in part a)
c) What part or parts of a cellular membrane play(s) a role in determining the fluidity of the
membrane?
8) Indicate which of the five major types of membrane protein (adhesion, enzymatic, recogniti
receptor, and transport) is most likely to be involved in each of the situations described below:
a) An oncologist wants to study the cells from a certain tumour that has been surgically remov
from a patient. However, she must first treat the tumour with a solution affects a membrane
protein on the tumour cells. Because of the effect of the solution on the membrane protein, the
tumour tissue falls apart into individual cells.
Type of…
b) Cellular membranes are generally found in environments that contain lots of water. Draw a
diagram of what the phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane would look like if it were placed
in a hydrophobic environment. (**Note that you only have to draw the phospholipid bilayer, you
don't have to draw the other major components again as you did in part a)
c) What part or parts of a cellular membrane play(s) a role in determining the fluidity of the
membrane?
8) Indicate which of the five major types of membrane protein (adhesion, enzymatic, reco
receptor, and transport) is most likely to be involved in each of the situations described be
a) An oncologist wants to study the cells from a certain tumour that has been surgically re
from a patient. However, she must first treat the tumour with a solution affects a membra
protein on the tumour cells. Because of the effect of the solution on the membrane protei
tumour tissue falls apart into individual cells.
Type of membrane protein: ans…
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 5 -
1. Membranes consist of a bilayer of ________....Ch. 5 - A membrane that is permeable to some substances...Ch. 5 - Facilitated diffusion involves either _____...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4FTBCh. 5 -
5. After each molecule, place the two-word term...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6FTBCh. 5 - Describe and diagram the structure of a plasma...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2RQCh. 5 - What are the five categories of proteins commonly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RQ
Ch. 5 -
5. Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic....Ch. 5 -
6. Describe the following types of transport...Ch. 5 - Name the protein that allows facilitated diffusion...Ch. 5 - Imagine a container of glucose solution, divided...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9RQCh. 5 -
1. Different cells have different plasma...Ch. 5 - Predict and sketch the configuration of...Ch. 5 - The fluid portion of blood, in which red blood...Ch. 5 - Some cells in the nervous system wrap themselves...
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- The plasma membrane of E. coli is about 75% protein and 25% phospholipid by weight. How many molecules of membrane lipid are present for each molecule of membrane protein? Assume an average protein Mr of 50,000and an average phospholipid Mr of 750. What more would you need to know to estimate the fraction of the membrane surface that is covered by lipids?arrow_forwardBesides lipid molecules, cell membranes also contain many different types of proteins, each with specific functions. In the following table, select the common type of membrane protein in the right-hand column that each statement in the left-hand column describes. The choices on the Type of Membrane Protein are the same for theFunction of the Membrane Proteinarrow_forwardIn the figure below, an integral membrane protein is shown. These proteins sit inside of cell membranes. Some integral proteins are membrane channels or transporters, while others serve as enzymes, receptors, or anchors. Describe the differences you would expect to see in the amino acid side chains on the outer surface of an integral cell membrane protein, as compared to a water-soluble globular protein. Be sure to discuss the chemical nature of the cell membrane in your answer.arrow_forward
- Cells transporting substances across their membranes is essential. Choose TWO of the following types of cellular transport. ๏osmosis ๏active transport ๏facilitated diffusion ๏endocytosis / exocytosis (a)For each type of transport you choose, describe the transport process. Explain how the organization of cell membrane plays a role the movement of specific molecules across membrane. (b)Using the same transport types, identify a specific cell that utilizes that type of transit (i.e. one cell for each transport type, or two different cell examples), and detail a substance that is transferred. (c)A typical human lymphocyte has a radius of about 10 μm, while a typical bacterium (e.g., S. pneumoniae) has a radius of about 1 μm. Assuming that both cell types are perfectly spherical, compare and contrastthe transport mechanisms for each of these cells.arrow_forwardPhospholipids (Which is charged, what is the functional significance? Are they preferentially located on cytosolic or extracellular lipid monolayer? What is the functional significance of plasma membrane asymmetry?)arrow_forwardIn the "fluid " _______ cell membrane model, lipids are organized in a ________ arrangement, such that _______ portions of the lipids are exposed to either the interior or exterior of the cell, while the lipid portions are sandwiched in the middle of the membrane. As part of the cell membrane, a main function of peripheral proteins is to provide _________ , while a main function of proteins is to provide _________ . Other cell membrane molecules include a compound called __________, which functions to provide fluidity to rigid membranes and rigidity to fluid membranes; and surface carbohydrates, which function in the membrane not to provide energy, but instead to provide _________ _____ . Aminophospholipids (including PE and ) move to the inner leaflet of the membrane, by an enzyme known as the ._______ A main function of the cell membrane is to be very selective as to what is able to cross through, a condition known as a barrier.arrow_forward
- Ms. Sassa, a biology professor, wanted to demonstrate to her students the applicability of a dialyzing membrane (DM) as a model for the cell membrane by enclosing an aqueous solution in a DM bag and immersing in a beaker containing a different solution. Substances available which are permeable to the DM include 0.02 M NaCl, 0.03 M glucose, and 0.01 M glucose. The only substance available which is completely impermeable to the DM is the 0.01 M lactose. Using the substances given and materials such as a beaker, stirring rod, and string, draw ONLY ONE set-up that can be demonstrated by Ms. Sassa that will satisfy ALL of the following conditions: a. No solute will exhibit a net diffusion out of the cell. b. Glucose will exhibit a net diffusion into the cell. c. NaCl will exhibit a zero net movement. d. No net movement of lactose from the inside to outside of the cell. Make sure to label properly the substance inside the beaker and inside the DM bag.arrow_forwardAmmonia (NH3) is a weak base that under acidic conditions becomes protonated to the ammonium ion in the following reaction: NH3 + H+ → NH+4 NH3 freely permeates biological membranes, including those of lysosomes. The lysosome is a subcellular organelle with a pH of about 4.5–5.0; the pH of cytoplasm is about 7.0. What is the effect on the pH of the fluid content of lyso- somes when cells are exposed to ammonia? Note: Ammo- nium (NH4+) does not diffuse freely across membranes.arrow_forward(a) Describe permeability of a phospholipid bilayer for the following molecules. Use terms: non-permeable, high permeability, medium permeability. N2, O2, Na+, glucose, sucrose (disaccharide), glycogen, H2O, KCl, K+, Mg2+, glycine and protein (b) Discuss the role of carbonic anhydrase in CO2 transport. (c) Discuss the cause of ‘cold denaturation’ of proteins.arrow_forward
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The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license