Biology: Life on Earth
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321729712
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 1AC
Different cells have different plasma membranes. The plasma membrane of a Paramecium, for example, is only about 1% as permeable to water as the plasma membrane of a human red blood cell. Hypothesize why this is the case. Is Paramecium likely to have aquaporins in its plasma membrane? Explain your answer.
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Using the appropriate osmotic terms (hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic) describe what would happen to each organism in the following settings:
A single-celled freshwater protist is placed into a beaker of salt water.
A salt-water snail is mistakenly put into a freshwater tank.
A head of lettuce is placed soaked in a sink of salt water.
A bunch of carrots are placed soaked a sink of distilled water.
Using the appropriate osmotic terms (hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic) describe what would happen to each organism in the following settings:
A single-celled freshwater protist is placed into a beaker of salt water.
A salt-water snail is mistakenly put into a freshwater tank.
A head of lettuce is placed soaked in a sink of salt water.
A carrot is soaked a sink of distilled, pure water.
One of the following does not belong to the group. Identify the one and explain why it does not belong:
Facilitated diffusion
Simple diffusion
Vesicular transport
osmosis
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth
Ch. 5 -
1. Membranes consist of a bilayer of ________....Ch. 5 - A membrane that is permeable to some substances...Ch. 5 - Facilitated diffusion involves either _____...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4FTBCh. 5 -
5. After each molecule, place the two-word term...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6FTBCh. 5 - Describe and diagram the structure of a plasma...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2RQCh. 5 - What are the five categories of proteins commonly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RQ
Ch. 5 -
5. Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic....Ch. 5 -
6. Describe the following types of transport...Ch. 5 - Name the protein that allows facilitated diffusion...Ch. 5 - Imagine a container of glucose solution, divided...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9RQCh. 5 -
1. Different cells have different plasma...Ch. 5 - Predict and sketch the configuration of...Ch. 5 - The fluid portion of blood, in which red blood...Ch. 5 - Some cells in the nervous system wrap themselves...
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- Each diagram shows a cell with a semipermeable membrane submerged in a solution. Solutions contain different amounts of solutes (glucose, sodium). The membrane is NOT permeable to glucose or sodium.arrow_forwardFormulate a hypothesis on how bacterial cells use their characteristics to take up hydrocarbons from oil spills. Specify the mode of transport through the cell membrane (active vs. passive/endocytosis vs. exocytosis) and support your claim with scientific reasoning. Describe how these bacterial cells would take up hydrocarbons if: they only possessed a cell membrane and lacked the cell wall. they possessed membrane-bound organelles such as vesicles. Include in your answer the lipid bilayer, structural components of cell membranes and those of cell walls and discuss the selective permeability characteristic of membranes.arrow_forwardBased on the features of the cell membrane explain why water molecules require channel proteins e.g. aquaporin to move across the membrane.arrow_forward
- Give reason why a plant cell is kept in hypertonic solution it becomes flaccid.arrow_forwardA cell that is missing this structure would not have a rigid structural support outside of its plasma membrane and would not be protected from exploding when placed in water. Name the structure and tell why. Then state which type of cell(s) have this structure.arrow_forwardWhich statement is false regarding bacterial cell walls? A. Both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria contain peptidoglycan in the cell wallB. Gram negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and stain pinkC. Gram (+) bacteria are positively charged due to phosphate groups in teichoic acidsD. Gram (-) bacteria have an outer cell wall containing lipopolysaccharideE. Both teichoic acids and lipopolysaccharide can be used to separate bacterial speciesarrow_forward
- Consider a cell membrane. In order to survive, the cell must move nutrients across the membrane and it must move waste products out of the membrane. Describe the strategies available to the cell for the transport of materials. Describe these strategies. Indicate what happens when equilibrium is reached for each strategy.arrow_forwardDescribe ONE modification that could happen to the phospholipids in a membrane that would increase the permeability of the membrane to small non-polar molecules such as oxygen gas. Explain why this modification would increase membrane permeability.arrow_forwardU-tube Consider the image below, which shows a U-tube divided with a selectively permeable membrane. Use arrows to depict how water will move. Hypertonic solution Hypotonic solution Selectively permeable membranearrow_forward
- As an environmental engineer, you will follow the scientific method and start your work by generating a hypothesis first. Formulate a hypothesis on how bacterial cells use their characteristics to take up hydrocarbons from oil spills. Specify the mode of transport through the cell membrane (active vs. passive/endocytosis vs. exocytosis) and support your claim with scientific reasoning. Describe how these bacterial cells would take up hydrocarbons if: they only possessed a cell membrane and lacked the cell wall. they possessed membrane-bound organelles such as vesicles. Include in your answer the lipid bilayer, structural components of cell membranes and those of cell walls, and discuss the selective permeability characteristic of membranes.arrow_forwardYou said that " However, if the salinity level is too extreme or the exposure is prolonged, it could lead to cellular damage and potentially death. In summary, while marine mussels are adapted to live in a hypertonic environment and are osmoregulators, exposure to extremely high salinity levels could still be harmful to them." Where are you finding this I can't seem to find this on the internet do you have a research paper to show this. Thank you for your help and timearrow_forwardCompare and contrast a plant cell and an animal cell in a hypertonic solution.arrow_forward
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