Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 2CHI
Bacterial and archaeal cell size is limited by the rate at which nutrients diffuse from one place in the cell to another. Are eukaryotic cells similarly limited? Why or why not?
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When a prokaryote cell is placed in a hypertonic solution (water with a higher energy level compared to inside the cell), one would expect that H2O would:
A) diffuse out of the cell through the lipid section of the phospholipid bilayer
B) cause protein synthesis
C) move using active transport proteins
D) diffuse through Endoplasmic reticulum portal protein
E) diffuse through portal proteins of the cell membrane
In the diagram below, identify the structures of a cyanobacterial cell based on the following descriptions:
a) Outer cellular covering which includes:
Mucilaginous layer – outermost layer covering the cell wall; protects the cell from harmful factors of the environment
Cell wall – found just below the mucilaginous layer; 2 or 3-layered, the inner layer lies in between the outer wall layer and plasma membrane; the outer layer is made of peptidoglycan
Innermost plasma membrane – selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm
b) Cytoplasm – found below the plasma membrane; the protoplasm which contains structures of different shapes and functions. Lamellae, which contain pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenes, xanthophylls, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin, are located in the peripheral region of cytoplasm. Ribosomes may also be found scattered in the cytoplasm.
c) Nucleic material – the nucleoplasm that is centrally located in the cell and contains chromatin in the form…
1. Which of the following are examples of eukaryotic organisms?
(Select all that apply)
Flowers
Bacteria
Humans
Archaea
Mushrooms
2. Clathrin is used by cells to
a) Help form endocytic vesicles
b)Bind a vesicle to the cell’s plasma membrane
c)Increase the elasticity of lipid membranes
d)Bind to substrates for endocytosis
e)Decrease osmotic pressure from solutes
3. A phagosome is
a)A membrane compartment used to store water and ions
b)An organelle used to degrade molecules
c)An endocytic vesicle formed by phagocytosis
d)A membrane pit located on the surface of the cell
e)An organelle used for the detoxification of organic molecules
4. The process of bringing dissolved substances into the cell is
a)Transcytosis
b)Receptor-mediated endocytosis
c)Exocytosis
e)Pinocytosis
f)Phagocytosis
Chapter 5 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 5.1 - MICRO INQUIRY In addition to separating each...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1RIACh. 5.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 2. Why is the...Ch. 5.3 - MICRO INQUIRY Which cytoskeletal filament is made...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1RIACh. 5.3 - Prob. 2RIACh. 5.3 - Prob. 3RIACh. 5.4 - MICRO INQUIRY Why must proteins be unfolded when...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 1RIACh. 5.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is a proteasome? Why...
Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 3RIACh. 5.4 - Prob. 4RIACh. 5.4 - Describe the secretory pathway. To what...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 6RIACh. 5.5 - Prob. 1MICh. 5.5 - MICRO INQUIRY Which subunit attaches to the rough...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 1RIACh. 5.5 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Suggest an explanation for...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 3RIACh. 5.5 - Prob. 4RIACh. 5.6 - Prob. 1MICh. 5.6 - Describe the structure of aerobic mitochondria,...Ch. 5.6 - Prob. 2RIACh. 5.6 - Prob. 3RIACh. 5.7 - Prepare and label a diagram showing the detailed...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 2RIACh. 5.7 - How do the structure and mechanism of action of...Ch. 5.8 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Outline the major...Ch. 5.8 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What characteristics make...Ch. 5 - Discuss the statement: The most obvious difference...Ch. 5 - Bacterial and archaeal cell size is limited by the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3CHICh. 5 - Compare the mechanisms by which most eukaryotic...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5CHI
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- Short, hairlike structures covering the surface of the cell used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called O 1) pseudopodia. O 2) fimbriae. O 3) cilia. O 4) pili. O 5) flagella.arrow_forwardSome studies showed that bacteria compartmentalize many cellular processes into subcellular structures, including organelles. Is it possible that prokaryotes really do have membrane bound organelles?arrow_forwarddescribe the structure and function of: a) Two cell components that are found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. b) Two cell components that are found in eukaryotic cells only (plant or animal). c) Two cell components that are often found in prokaryotic cells only.arrow_forward
- In comparing bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, which statement below among A - D is false? A) O the members of two of these three groups comprise cells that lack a nuclear membrane B) O archaea and eukaryotes share some similarities in the componeents of gene expression C) O having diverse types of metabolism is a feature of the members of archaea and bacteria D) Oa cytoplasmic membrane is a feature shared by all the cells in these three groups E) OA-E are all truearrow_forwardWhy is a compartmentalized cytoplasm unusual in bacteria?arrow_forwardWhat kinds of work are carried out in a cell? Suppose a bacterium was doing the following: synthesizing peptidoglycan, rotating its flagellum and swimming, and secreting siderophores. What type of work is the bacterium doing in each case?arrow_forward
- The endosymbiotic theory pertains to which organelle within eukaryotes because of the presence of 70S ribosomes, circular DNA, and the replication of this organelle independent from mitosis? O 1) nucleus O 2) lysosomes. O 3) golgi 4) endoplasmic reticulum 5: O 5) mitochondriaarrow_forwardParamecia live mostly in freshwater and move with the use of structures called cilia. They utilize contractile vacuoles to expel water that enters the cell by osmosis. Euglena are unicellular organisms that use flagella for movement and chloroplasts for photosynthesis. They are found in freshwater and saltwater. Scientists have determined that Paramecia and Euglena are eukaryotes and not prokaryotes because they havearrow_forwardWhy are eukaryotic cells so much larger than prokaryoticcells?arrow_forward
- What terms would describe a prokaryote that has is covered in a thick peptidoglycan layer, gets it's energy from eating other prokaryotes, and does not need oxygen to survive?arrow_forwardThe Prokaryotes are associated with the following structures EXCEPT: A) ribosomes, B) Lysosomes and liposomes, C) a nucleoid area, D) mesosomes, E) chlorophyll.arrow_forwardContrast how prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells differ in terms of a) size and b) structural complexityarrow_forward
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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells (Updated); Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pxujitlv8wc;License: Standard youtube license