Chemistry In Context
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259638145
Author: Fahlman, Bradley D., Purvis-roberts, Kathleen, Kirk, John S., Bentley, Anne K., Daubenmire, Patrick L., ELLIS, Jamie P., Mury, Michael T., American Chemical Society
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 20Q
Consider Figure 4.4.
- a. Which sector has the highest CO2 emission from fossil fuel combustion?
- b. What alternatives exist for each of the major sectors of CO2 emissions?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
19. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is
_CO2 (g) + _H₂O (1)→ __C6H1206 (s) +
(C6H12O6 is glucose, the simplest sugar)
a. Balance the chemical equation above by filling in the blanks.
b. According to onetreeplanted.org, the average tree (across all climates and sizes) removes 10 kg of
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere every year. Based on this, what mass of glucose is produced
annually by the average tree?
O2 (g)
c. Teak is a common species of tropical tree. The graph below shows the amount of CO₂ absorbed by teak
forests in tons of CO₂ per hectare of forest per year, according to the climate region where the forests
are found (dry = low rainfall, humid=high rainfall). Looking at your photosynthesis equation again, what
does this data suggest about which reactant is the limiting reactant for teak trees? Explain.
C Teak
Carbon sequestration rate (tons CO₂ ha -1yr -1)
10
10
20
Tropical
humid
Tropical
dry
Aboveground biomass,
0-20 years
Belowground biomass,
0 -20 years
During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen gas. a. Is photosynthesis a source or a sink of a GHG? Explain. b. Write and balance the chemical equation for the photosynthesis c. It is estimated that the amount of CO2 sequestered (removed from the air) by an urban tree is 60.0 kg.4 How much glucose can be produced from 60.0 kg CO2 during photosynthesis?
5. It is estimated that the synthesis of ammonia requires up to 1% of the world's energy
production. If you think about all the things that require energy around us, 1% of world
energy is a huge amount to dedicate to a single process. This energy is not actually used
in the NH3 synthesis reaction shown in part 1, but required for the steam methane
reforming reaction that produces H₂(g) (an essential ingredient in the Haber Bosch
process). The steam methane reforming is the combination of two reactions:
Step 1 Reforming reaction: CH4(g) + H₂O(g) ⇒ CO(g) + 3H₂(g) K₁ = 0.981
Step 2 Water-Gas Shift reaction: CO(g) + H₂O(g) — CO₂(g) + H₂(g) K₂= 1.04
a. Write the overall reaction equation of steam methane reforming.
b. Calculate the overall Keq of steam methane reforming (both steps combined).
c. Methane is a fossil fuel product that is largely obtained through fracking processes in
the US. Alternatively, the Sabatier reaction is the synthesis of methane using CO2 and
H₂:
CO₂(g) + 4H₂(g) →…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry In Context
Ch. 4.1 - You Decide What Do You Know About the Big C? In...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.3YTCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4.4YTCh. 4.1 - Skill Building Polyatomic Ions II Name each of...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.6YTCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.7YTCh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.8YTCh. 4.3 - Skill Building Isotopes of Nitrogen Nitrogen (N2)...Ch. 4.3 - You Decide Marshmallows and Pennies Avogadros...Ch. 4.3 - Skill Building Calculating the Mass of Atoms...
Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.12YTCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.13YTCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.14YTCh. 4.4 - You Decide Checking Carbon from Cars A...Ch. 4.5 - Skill Building Light from the Sun Refresher In...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.17YTCh. 4.6 - You Decide Evaporating Coal Mines Writing in the...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.19YTCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.20YTCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.21YTCh. 4.7 - Skill Building MethaneFlat or Tetrahedral? a. If...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 4.23YTCh. 4.7 - Skill Building Predicting Molecular Shapes, Part 2...Ch. 4.8 - Skill Building How Will a Molecule Stretch? For...Ch. 4.8 - Scientific Practices Greenhouse Gas Spectra a. Use...Ch. 4.8 - Scientific Practices Greenhouse Gas Spectra We...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 4.28YTCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.29YTCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.30YTCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.31YTCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.32YTCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.33YTCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.34YTCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.35YTCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.36YTCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.37YTCh. 4.10 - Prob. 4.38YTCh. 4.10 - Prob. 4.39YTCh. 4.10 - Prob. 4.40YTCh. 4.10 - Prob. 4.41YTCh. 4.11 - For each of the conclusions presented in Table...Ch. 4.11 - Prob. 4.43YTCh. 4.11 - Prob. 4.44YTCh. 4.12 - Skill Building Footprint Calculations Investigate...Ch. 4.12 - Scientific Practices Your Personal Share of the...Ch. 4.12 - Prob. 4.47YTCh. 4.12 - Prob. 4.48YTCh. 4.12 - Prob. 4.49YTCh. 4.12 - Prob. 4.50YTCh. 4.12 - You Decide Climate Change Insurance? Mitigation of...Ch. 4.12 - Prob. 4.52YTCh. 4.12 - You Decide The Big Question Revisited Answer these...Ch. 4 - i. Earth has increased in temperature by 6 C (10.8...Ch. 4 - The chapter concluded with a quote from John...Ch. 4 - Prob. 2QCh. 4 - Prob. 3QCh. 4 - Prob. 5QCh. 4 - a. It is estimated that 29 megajoules per square...Ch. 4 - Consider Figure 4.23. a. How does the present...Ch. 4 - Understanding Earths energy balance is essential...Ch. 4 - Explain each of these observations. a. A car...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10QCh. 4 - Draw the Lewis structure and name the molecular...Ch. 4 - Draw the Lewis structure and name the molecular...Ch. 4 - a. Draw the Lewis structure for methanol (wood...Ch. 4 - a. Draw the Lewis structure for ethene (ethylene),...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15QCh. 4 - Prob. 16QCh. 4 - Prob. 17QCh. 4 - Prob. 18QCh. 4 - Termites possess enzymes that allow them to break...Ch. 4 - Consider Figure 4.4. a. Which sector has the...Ch. 4 - Silver has an atomic number of 47. a. Give the...Ch. 4 - Silver only has two naturally occurring isotopes:...Ch. 4 - a. Calculate the average mass in grams of an...Ch. 4 - Prob. 24QCh. 4 - Prob. 25QCh. 4 - The total mass of carbon in living systems is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 27QCh. 4 - Give the number of protons, neutrons, and...Ch. 4 - Give the symbol showing the atomic number and the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 30QCh. 4 - The Arctic has been called our canary in the coal...Ch. 4 - Do you think the comment made in the cartoon is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 33QCh. 4 - Prob. 34QCh. 4 - Over the last 20 years, about 120 billion tons of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 36QCh. 4 - Prob. 37QCh. 4 - Prob. 38QCh. 4 - Ethanol, C2H5OH, can be produced from sugars and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 40QCh. 4 - Prob. 41QCh. 4 - Prob. 42QCh. 4 - Prob. 43QCh. 4 - Prob. 44QCh. 4 - Prob. 45QCh. 4 - Prob. 46QCh. 4 - Prob. 47QCh. 4 - Prob. 48QCh. 4 - Former vice president Al Gore writes in his 2006...Ch. 4 - Prob. 50QCh. 4 - Prob. 51QCh. 4 - Data taken over time reveal an increase in CO2 in...Ch. 4 - In the energy industry, 1 standard cubic foot...Ch. 4 - Prob. 54QCh. 4 - A solar oven is a low-tech, low-cost device for...Ch. 4 - In 2005, the European Union adopted a...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
What is the pH range for acidic solutions? For basic solutions?
Introduction to Chemistry
Practice Exercise 1
Which of the following factors determines the size of an atom? a. the volume of the nucleus...
Chemistry: The Central Science (14th Edition)
Q2. Which statement best defines chemistry?
a. The science that studies solvents, drugs, and insecticides
b. Th...
Introductory Chemistry (5th Edition) (Standalone Book)
During the early part of the 20th century, sulfanilamide (an antibacterial drug) was only administered by injec...
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Binder Ready Version
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 4.60 Why are fuel additives used?arrow_forwardThe carbon dioxide exhaled in the breath of astronauts is often removed from the spacecraft by reaction with lithium hydroxide 2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)Li2CO3(s)+H2O(l) Estimate the grams of lithium hydroxide required per astronaut per day. Assume that each astronaut requires 2.50 103 kcal of energy per day. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 2.50 103 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of CO2 produced and hence the amount of LiOH required. The H for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.arrow_forwardA newspaper article states that biomass has actually been used as an energy source throughout human history. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Defend your answer.arrow_forward
- 4.1 List at least two factors that make it difficult to describe the combustion of gasoline accurately. What assumption can be made to address these complications?arrow_forwardConsider the two space shuttle fuel reactions in Exercises 81 and 82. Which reaction produces more energy per kilogram of reactant mixture (stoichiometric amounts)? 81. The reusable booster rockets of the space shuttle use a mixture of aluminum and ammonium perchlorate as fuel. A possible reaction is 3Al(s)+3NH4ClO4(s)Al2O3(s)+AlCl3(s)+3NO(g)+6H2O(g) Calculate H for this reaction 82. The space shuttle Orbiter utilizes the oxidation of methylhydrazine by dinitrogen tetroxide for propulsion: 4N2H3CH3(l)+5N2O4(l)12H2O(g)+9N2(g)+4CO2(g) Calculate H for this reactionarrow_forward9.69 How are the roles of transmission substations and distribution substations in the electrical grid similar? How are they different?arrow_forward
- How the reliance on fossil fuels results in huge excess emissions of CO2?arrow_forward9. Furnaces in residential homes usually burn natural gas, which is mostly methane, CH. Here is the balanced equation for the complete combustion of methane: CH+20₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O a. Explain why it is important to make sure your furnace is serviced and in proper working order before the winter. Be sure to include information about combustion reactions in your answer.arrow_forward2. Calculate the minimum amount of air required for the complete combustion of 150 kgs of fuel containing 70 % Carbon, 15 % hydrogen, 5 % sulfur and the rest nitrogen by weight.arrow_forward
- The complete combustion of octane occurs according to the following balanced equation: 2 C3H18(1) + 25 02(g) → 16 CO2(g) + 18 H20(g) + energy What additional products are produced by the incomplete combustion of gasoline occurring inside a garage? Select one: a. Carbon and hydrogen b. Carbon and carbon monoxide O c. Carbon monoxide and methane d. Carbon monoxide and hydrogenarrow_forwardDetermine if the following statements are true or false. _____ 1. Water decomposes when an electric current passes through it. _____ 2. A combustion reaction usually gives off heat and light. _____ 3. The burning of glucose in cells is called cellular combustion. _____ 4. Sodium chloride forms in a decomposition reaction. _____ 5. Methane and oxygen combine in a synthesis reaction. _____ 6. One product of the reaction in question 5 is carbon dioxide. _____ 7. There are two types of decomposition reactions. _____ 8. Carbon dioxide forms only in combustion reactions. _____ 9. The general equation AB + CD → AD + CB represents a replacement reaction. _____ 10. The chemical reaction 2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2 is a replacement reaction.arrow_forward8. How many moles of CO2 will be produced from the complete combustion of 1.25 moles of heptane (C7H16)? C7H16 + 110₂ T 7CO2 + 8H₂0 a. 28.75 moles b. 23 moles c. 35 moles d. 42.15 x 1024 molesarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
- World of ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780618562763Author:Steven S. ZumdahlPublisher:Houghton Mifflin College DivChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337398909
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133949640
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780618562763
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl
Publisher:Houghton Mifflin College Div
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Calorimetry Concept, Examples and Thermochemistry | How to Pass Chemistry; Author: Melissa Maribel;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSh29lUGj00;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY