The examples related to pre-existing traits being used by organisms for a new function and discuss whether exaptation or preadaptation would be an appropriate label. Introduction: Exaptation and preadaptation are the two terms with a slightly different meaning. An exaptation was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth, which means that the pre-existing traits used for a new function, whereas, “preadaptation” term given by George Gaylord which refers to a structure that has undergone changes along with natural selection.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 3, Problem 7PDT

Summary Introduction

To explain: The examples related to pre-existing traits being used by organisms for a new function and discuss whether exaptation or preadaptation would be an appropriate label.

Introduction: Exaptation and preadaptation are the two terms with a slightly different meaning. An exaptation was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth, which means that the pre-existing traits used for a new function, whereas, “preadaptation” term given by George Gaylord which refers to a structure that has undergone changes along with natural selection.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The examples of criticism regarding exaptation and preadaptation.

Introduction: An exaptation is a pre-existing trait used for a new, seemingly adaptive function. The term was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth Vrba, to improve the clarity of language when discussing this from “preadaptation”, as used by George Gaylord Simpson, referring to a structure that undergoes a change of function followed by tinkering by natural selection. Both terms are used by a biologist, with subtly different meanings.

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When discussing natural selection and behaviour, we often say that members of a species have certain behavioural traits because those traits are adaptive, in the sense that they increase inclusive fitness relative to alternative forms of those traits that have existed in the past. Instead of emphasizing the adaptiveness of behavioural traits, some biologists describe natural selection as a process that operates on nervous system traits, increasing the prevalence within a population of particular patterns of neural circuitry and neurobiological mechanisms. As an alternative to emphasizing either the behaviour or the nervous system, some biologists describe natural selection as a process that operates on genes; according to this perspective, certain forms of certain genes (ie., particular alleles) increase in prevalence within a population relative to alternative forms of those genes. Which, if any, of these three perspectives on natural selection and behaviour do you think is the most…

Match the terms to their descriptors. NOTE: If you want to change your selection, you'll need to delete the one you already chose. After you delete it, the list of choices will pop back up and you can make a different choice. Two species evolve in different directions from a common starting point Divergent evolution Two species independently evolve similar structures Homologous structures Traits that look similar but were not inherited from a common Convergent evolution ancestor Analogous structures Traits that are similar because they were inherited from a common ancestor

Natural selection and artificial selection or selective breeding can both cause changes in animals and plants. The difference between the two is that natural selection happens naturally, but selective breeding only occurs when humans intervene. Changes in genetic traits have occurred over generations through both natural selection and selective breeding although the occur through different means. What characterizes only artificial selection? Choose all that apply. A) chickens that lay larger eggs are favored B) selection increases the chances of surviving C) selection make a species stronger and fit for survival D) selection favors the desired characters in the new organisms

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 7PDT

Summary Introduction

To explain: The examples related to pre-existing traits being used by organisms for a new function and discuss whether exaptation or preadaptation would be an appropriate label.

Introduction: Exaptation and preadaptation are the two terms with a slightly different meaning. An exaptation was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth, which means that the pre-existing traits used for a new function, whereas, “preadaptation” term given by George Gaylord which refers to a structure that has undergone changes along with natural selection.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The examples of criticism regarding exaptation and preadaptation.

Introduction: An exaptation is a pre-existing trait used for a new, seemingly adaptive function. The term was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth Vrba, to improve the clarity of language when discussing this from “preadaptation”, as used by George Gaylord Simpson, referring to a structure that undergoes a change of function followed by tinkering by natural selection. Both terms are used by a biologist, with subtly different meanings.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 7PDT

Summary Introduction

To explain: The examples related to pre-existing traits being used by organisms for a new function and discuss whether exaptation or preadaptation would be an appropriate label.

Introduction: Exaptation and preadaptation are the two terms with a slightly different meaning. An exaptation was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth, which means that the pre-existing traits used for a new function, whereas, “preadaptation” term given by George Gaylord which refers to a structure that has undergone changes along with natural selection.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The examples of criticism regarding exaptation and preadaptation.

Introduction: An exaptation is a pre-existing trait used for a new, seemingly adaptive function. The term was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth Vrba, to improve the clarity of language when discussing this from “preadaptation”, as used by George Gaylord Simpson, referring to a structure that undergoes a change of function followed by tinkering by natural selection. Both terms are used by a biologist, with subtly different meanings.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 7PDT

Summary Introduction

To explain: The examples related to pre-existing traits being used by organisms for a new function and discuss whether exaptation or preadaptation would be an appropriate label.

Introduction: Exaptation and preadaptation are the two terms with a slightly different meaning. An exaptation was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth, which means that the pre-existing traits used for a new function, whereas, “preadaptation” term given by George Gaylord which refers to a structure that has undergone changes along with natural selection.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The examples of criticism regarding exaptation and preadaptation.

Introduction: An exaptation is a pre-existing trait used for a new, seemingly adaptive function. The term was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth Vrba, to improve the clarity of language when discussing this from “preadaptation”, as used by George Gaylord Simpson, referring to a structure that undergoes a change of function followed by tinkering by natural selection. Both terms are used by a biologist, with subtly different meanings.

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Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 7PDT

Summary Introduction

To explain: The examples related to pre-existing traits being used by organisms for a new function and discuss whether exaptation or preadaptation would be an appropriate label.

Introduction: Exaptation and preadaptation are the two terms with a slightly different meaning. An exaptation was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth, which means that the pre-existing traits used for a new function, whereas, “preadaptation” term given by George Gaylord which refers to a structure that has undergone changes along with natural selection.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The examples of criticism regarding exaptation and preadaptation.

Introduction: An exaptation is a pre-existing trait used for a new, seemingly adaptive function. The term was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth Vrba, to improve the clarity of language when discussing this from “preadaptation”, as used by George Gaylord Simpson, referring to a structure that undergoes a change of function followed by tinkering by natural selection. Both terms are used by a biologist, with subtly different meanings.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 7PDT

Summary Introduction

To explain: The examples related to pre-existing traits being used by organisms for a new function and discuss whether exaptation or preadaptation would be an appropriate label.

Introduction: Exaptation and preadaptation are the two terms with a slightly different meaning. An exaptation was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth, which means that the pre-existing traits used for a new function, whereas, “preadaptation” term given by George Gaylord which refers to a structure that has undergone changes along with natural selection.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 7PDT

Summary Introduction

To explain: The examples related to pre-existing traits being used by organisms for a new function and discuss whether exaptation or preadaptation would be an appropriate label.

Introduction: Exaptation and preadaptation are the two terms with a slightly different meaning. An exaptation was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth, which means that the pre-existing traits used for a new function, whereas, “preadaptation” term given by George Gaylord which refers to a structure that has undergone changes along with natural selection.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

To determine: The examples of criticism regarding exaptation and preadaptation.

Introduction: An exaptation is a pre-existing trait used for a new, seemingly adaptive function. The term was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth Vrba, to improve the clarity of language when discussing this from “preadaptation”, as used by George Gaylord Simpson, referring to a structure that undergoes a change of function followed by tinkering by natural selection. Both terms are used by a biologist, with subtly different meanings.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

To determine: The examples of criticism regarding exaptation and preadaptation.

Introduction: An exaptation is a pre-existing trait used for a new, seemingly adaptive function. The term was coined by Stephen Jay Gould and Elisabeth Vrba, to improve the clarity of language when discussing this from “preadaptation”, as used by George Gaylord Simpson, referring to a structure that undergoes a change of function followed by tinkering by natural selection. Both terms are used by a biologist, with subtly different meanings.

Answer 10

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Answer 13

Ch. 3 - Prob. 1PDT Ch. 3 - Prob. 2PDT Ch. 3 - Prob. 3PDT Ch. 3 - Prob. 4PDT Ch. 3 - Prob. 5PDT Ch. 3 - Prob. 6PDT Ch. 3 - Prob. 7PDT

Solution Summary: The author explains that exaptation and preadaptation are two terms with a slightly different meaning.

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