Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 20RQ
How does the double helix structure of DNA support its role in encoding the genome?
- The sugar-phosphate backbone provides a template for
DNA replication - tRNA pairing with the template strand creates proteins encoded by the genome
- Complementary base pairing creates a very stable structure
- Complementary base pairing allows for easy editing of both strands of DNA.
Expert Solution & Answer
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Match the proteins with their function in DNA replication.
unwinds DNA at replication fork
forms covalent phosphodiester bonds to
join DNA fragments
remove primer and replace the RNA with
DNA, also has 3'-> 5'exonuclease activity
for proofreading
synthesizes DNA by adding to the 3' end
of the growing strand of DNA
adds RNA primer
uses an RNA template to facilitate
extension of the telomeres in eukaryotes
helicase
DNA ligase
DNA polymerase II
introduces a double-stranded break ahead
of the replication fork and swivels the
cleaved ends around the central axis to
relieve the stress of helix unwinding
DNA polymerase III
DNA primase
telomerase
DNA Gyrase (topoisomerase)
Match the proteins with their function in DNA replication.
unwinds DNA at replication fork
forms covalent phosphodiester bonds to
join DNA fragments
remove primer and replace the RNA with
DNA, also has 3'-> 5'exonuclease activity
for proofreading
synthesizes DNA by adding to the 3' end
of the growing strand of DNA
adds RNA primer
uses an RNA template to facilitate
extension of the telomeres in eukaryotes
introduces a double-stranded break ahead
of the replication fork and swivels the
cleaved ends around the central axis to
relieve the stress of helix unwinding
helicase
[Choose ]
✓ helicase
telomerase
DNA polymerase II
DNA polymerase I
DNA polymerase III
DNA primase
DNA ligase
D
DNA Gyrase (topoiso-
merase)
exonuclease
Protein synthesis is a complicated process involving DNA being transcribed to RNA, which is then translated into amino
acids. Complete the DNA-to-amino acid table for three consecutive codons with the appropriate nucleotides and amino
acids using a codon table. Nucleotide and amino acid options can be used multiple times or not at all.
5' to 3' DNA strand
3' to 5' DNA strand
transcribed mRNA
tRNA anticodon
amino acid
arginine
cysteine
leucine
T
A
U
A
T
G
A
U
arginine
leucine
A
proline
T
A
U
Answer Bank
A
G
G
с
с
T
T
A
A
U
glutamic acid
U
G
C
G с
с
glutamic acid
G
G
G
с
с
G
C
arginine
C
G
с
G
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 3 - Figure 3.5 What kind of sugars are these, aldose...Ch. 3 - Figure 3.23 Which categories of amino acid would...Ch. 3 - Figure 3.33 A mutation occurs, and cytosine is...Ch. 3 - Dehydration synthesis leads to formation of...Ch. 3 - During the breakdown of polymers, which of the...Ch. 3 - The following chemical reactants produce the ester...Ch. 3 - An example of a monosaccharide is fructose glucose...Ch. 3 - Cellulose and starch are examples of:...Ch. 3 - Plant cell walls contain which of the following in...Ch. 3 - Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the formation...
Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not an extracellular...Ch. 3 - Saturated fats have all of the following...Ch. 3 - Phospholipids are important components of...Ch. 3 - Cholesterol is an integral part of plasma...Ch. 3 - The monomers that make up proteins are called...Ch. 3 - The helix and the pleated sheet are part of...Ch. 3 - Mad cow disease is an infectious disease where one...Ch. 3 - A nucleotide of DNA may contain. ribose, uracil,...Ch. 3 - The building blocks of nucleic acids are ____. a....Ch. 3 - How does the double helix structure of DNA support...Ch. 3 - Why are biological macromolecules considered...Ch. 3 - What role do electrons play in dehydration...Ch. 3 - Amino acids have the generic structure seen below,...Ch. 3 - Describe the similarities and differences between...Ch. 3 - Why is it impossible for humans to digest food...Ch. 3 - Draw the ketose and aldose forms of a...Ch. 3 - Explain at least three functions that lipids serve...Ch. 3 - Why have trans fats been banned from some...Ch. 3 - Why are fatty acids better than glycogen for...Ch. 3 - Part of cortisol’s role in the body involves...Ch. 3 - Explain what happens if even one amino acid is...Ch. 3 - Describe the differences in the four protein...Ch. 3 - Aquaporins are proteins embedded in the plasma...Ch. 3 - What are the structural differences between RNA...Ch. 3 - What are the four types of RNA and how do they...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is the function of DNA polymerase? a. It degrades DNA in cells. b. It adds RNA nucleotides to a new strand. c. It coils DNA around histones to form chromosomes. d. It adds DNA nucleotides to a replicating strand. e. None of these.arrow_forwardEukaryotic mRNA: usessnRNPs to cut out introns and seal together translatableexons. uses a spliceosome mechanism made of DNA to recognizeconsensus sequences to cut and splice. has a guanine cap on its 39 end and a poly(A) tail on its 59 end. is composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. codes the guanine cap and poly(A) tail from the DNAtemplate.arrow_forwardBelow is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotidesequences (all belong to an exon):5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’ 1. If the above DNA strand is the template (antisense) strand and the DNA molecule is transcribed that produced a functional mRNA. Assuming there are no mutations, the said mRNA is then brought to the site of protein synthesis,a. what would be the amino acid sequence of the synthesized polypeptide chain?b. how many possible kinds of tRNA molecule that will bring the 2nd amino acid observing wobble hypothesis? List down their anticodons.arrow_forward
- In DNA Replication, what is the function of Primase: works to connect discontinuous parts of DNA such as the nicks created by gyrase and the okazaki fragments O Synthesizes RNA on a DNA template to provide an available 3'-OH group to continue with DNA synthesis O binds at the origin and begins to unwind the helix O bind near the origin to maintain the complementary sequences of DNA from reforming the helical structurearrow_forwardDNA is made of two strands that are antiparallel. If one strand runs from 3’ to 5’ direction the other one will go from 5’ to 3’ direction. During replication or transcription, whatever the process is, it will always follow the 5’ to 3’ direction using the 3’ to 5’ directed strand as the template strand. Therefore, if following is the DNA sequence 5’-CCG ATC GCA CAA-3’ Using this sequence as template after transcription no protein can be translated. Why? Presence of start codon Absence of start codon Due to mutation If you want to start the translation, what change you need in the second codon (from 5’ to 3’ direction)? Substitution of C with G No change4 Deletion of Both I & IIIarrow_forwarddetermine what amino acid will be formed from the given DNA strand below: 3’ T A C A T G C C G A A T G C C 5’ Note: Prepare the partner strand of this DNA. Discuss how will replication happen by mentioning the enzyme needed then transcribe to form mRNA. Discuss what will happen to mRNA, then translate, mentioning the anticodon to be used. Look at the genetic code to know what amino acid will become part of the polypeptide chain. 1. Partner DNA strand 2. the mRNA strand 3. the tRNA 4. the formed amino acids 5. the discussion of the entire procedurearrow_forward
- During DNA replication, DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the: 3' end of the newly synthesized strand as it moves toward the 3' end of the template strand 3' end of the newly synthesized strand as it moves toward the 5'end of the template strand 5' end of the newly synthesized strand as it moves toward the 5' end of the template strand 5' end of the newly synthesized strand as it moves toward the 3' end of the template strand none of the above 0 0 0 0 0arrow_forwardHe sequence is read A DNA sequence before and after replication IS 3 from left to right. The table below shows which mRNA codons code for each type of amino acid. Second mRNA base с U A G DNA sequence before replication: TACCTAGCT UUC - Phe UCC - U UUU- Phe UCU - Ser UAU - Tyr UGU - Cys Ser UAC - Tyr UGC-Cys C UUA - Leu UCA - Ser UAA- Stop UGA - Stop A Leu UCG - Ser UAG - Stop UGG- Trp G Pro CAU - His CGU - Arg U - Pro CAC- His CGC - Arg C DNA sequence after replication: TACCTCGCT UUG Leu CCU CUU CUC Leu CCC CUA- Leu CCA- Pro CAA Gln | CGA- Arg A - Pro CAG - Gln CGG- Arg G AGU- Ser U AGC - Ser C CUG Leu CCG AUU AUC Lys AGA- Arg AGG- Ile ACU Thr AAU - Asn Ile ACC - Thr AAC - Asn ACA - Thr| AAA - ACG - Thr AAG - Lys GCU - Ala GCC - Ala Arg A mutation occurred in the DNA sequence during replication. Which of the following, A-D, describes the result of the mutation when the corresponding mRNA sequence is translated? GAU- Asp AUA Ile AUG- Met GUU - Val GUC - Val Val Val GCG - Ala GAC - Asp…arrow_forwardBelow is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences:5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’ 1. If the above DNA strand is the template (antisense) strand and the DNA molecule is transcribed, what is the correct nucleotide sequence and direction of the RNA formed after transcription?arrow_forward
- What is the base sequence of the MRNA synthesized from the following DNA template strand? 3'-A-C-A-T-C-G-5'arrow_forwardDetermine what amino acid will be formed from the given DNA strand below: 3’ T A C A T G C C G A A T 5’ Note: Prepare the partner strand of this DNA. Discuss how will replication happen by mentioning the enzyme needed then transcribe to form mRNA. Discuss what will happen to mRNA, then translate, mentioning the anticodon to be used. Look at the genetic code to know what amino acid will become part of the polypeptide chain. 1. Partner DNA strand 2. the mRNA strand 3. the tRNA 4. the formed amino acidsarrow_forwardWhat is the function of DNA primase in DNA replication? to insert new bases during elongation, using the parent strand as a template to anneal (splice) smaller fragments of DNA to create one continuous strand to create an RNA primer to initiate DNA replication to create replication bubbles by unravelling the parental strands of DNA all of the abovearrow_forward
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