Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134396026
Author: Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27, Problem 12RQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Fluid shift is the term given to the movement of water among the extracellular fluid and the intracellular fluid. This movement of fluid occurs due to change in the solute concentration that causes a gradient between the two fluids.
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When pure (distilled) water is consumed, (a) the ECF becomes hypertonic with respect to the ICF. (b) the ECF becomes hypotonic with respect to the ICF. (c) the ICF becomes hypotonic with respect to the plasma. (d) water moves from the ICF into the ECF.
A person is in fluid balance when,: (a) the ECF and ICF are isotonic. (b) no fluid movement occurs between compartments. (c) the amount of water gained each day is equal to the amount lost to the environment. (d) a, b, and c are correct.
Please help me with these questions, more than one answer may be correct for each:1) Which of the following statements are true about the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis?
A)
Angiotensin II stimulates production of aldosterone, which increases sodium reabsorption
B)
Renin converts angiotensinogen to angotensin I
C)
Angiotensin II stimulates production of vasopressin, which increases aquaporins in the collecting duct
D)
Vasopressin decreases thirst
E)
Renin lowers GFR
2) The purpose of excretion is to
A)
maintain internal pH
B)
remove harmful substances
C)
maintain plasma volume
D)
maintain osmotic balance
E)
maintain internal solute concentration
Chapter 27 Solutions
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 27 - Identify the three interrelated processes...Ch. 27 - List the components of extracellular fluid (ECF)...Ch. 27 - Prob. 3CPCh. 27 - Prob. 4CPCh. 27 - Prob. 5CPCh. 27 - Prob. 6CPCh. 27 - Prob. 7CPCh. 27 - Prob. 8CPCh. 27 - Prob. 9CPCh. 27 - Why does prolonged sweating increase the plasma...
Ch. 27 - Prob. 11CPCh. 27 - Identify the bodys three major buffer systems.Ch. 27 - Prob. 13CPCh. 27 - Prob. 14CPCh. 27 - Prob. 15CPCh. 27 - Prob. 16CPCh. 27 - As a person ages, the glomerular filtration rate...Ch. 27 - Prob. 18CPCh. 27 - Prob. 1RQCh. 27 - The principal anions in the ICF are (a) phosphate...Ch. 27 - Prob. 3RQCh. 27 - Prob. 4RQCh. 27 - Calcium homeostasis primarily reflects (a) a...Ch. 27 - Prob. 6RQCh. 27 - Prob. 7RQCh. 27 - Prob. 8RQCh. 27 - Prob. 9RQCh. 27 - Identify four hormones that mediate major...Ch. 27 - Prob. 11RQCh. 27 - Prob. 12RQCh. 27 - Prob. 13RQCh. 27 - Prob. 14RQCh. 27 - Differentiate among fluid balance, electrolyte...Ch. 27 - What are fluid shifts? What is their function, and...Ch. 27 - Prob. 17RQCh. 27 - Define and give an example of (a) a volatile acid,...Ch. 27 - What are the three major buffer systems in body...Ch. 27 - Prob. 20RQCh. 27 - Prob. 21RQCh. 27 - Prob. 22RQCh. 27 - Prob. 23RQCh. 27 - Prob. 24RQCh. 27 - Prob. 25RQCh. 27 - Prob. 26RQCh. 27 - Dan has been lost in the desert for 2 days with...Ch. 27 - Prob. 28RQCh. 27 - Prob. 29RQCh. 27 - Prob. 30RQCh. 27 - Prob. 31RQCh. 27 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27 - Prob. 2CC
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- Why is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?arrow_forward50. During an in vitro experiment studying aldosterone secretion, an isolated adrenal gland is perfused with various concentrations of potassium and angiotensin II. Which of the following combinations of potassium and angiotensin II will cause the greatest increase in aldosterone secretion? Angiotensin II A) B) C) D) E) F) G) 1) Potassium Increased Increased Increased Normal Normal Normal Decreased Decreased Decreased increased unchanged decreased increased unchanged decreased increased unchanged decreasedarrow_forwardDefine countercurrent exchangearrow_forward
- Severely malnourished individuals, depleted of proteins and other solutes in their plasma, experience extreme edema which can result in the appearance of distended abdomens. The following is a graph of the typical blood and osmotic pressures in the capillaries of a healthy, well-nourished individual. A. Which graph (A-D) most closely resembles how the pressures might change in a malnourished person to result in the initial appearance of edema. B. Briefly explain how this pressure change results in edema.arrow_forward50. During an in vitro experiment studying aldosterone secretion, an isolated adrenal gland is perfused with various concentrations of potassium and angiotensin II. Which of the following combinations of potassium and angiotensin II will cause the greatest increase in aldosterone secretion? Angiotensin II Į ( A) B) C) D) E) F) G) H) 1) Potassium Increased Increased Increased Normal Normal Normal Decreased Decreased Decreased increased unchanged decreased increased unchanged decreased increased unchanged decreasedarrow_forwardDuring a state of low blood volume and decreased extracellular sodium level (as in cardiac failure), which one of the following occurs? 1) B. Aldosterone is produced by the kidneys, leading to the release of renin, which increases kidney reabsorption of sodium. 2) D. Antidiuretic hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates the production of aldosterone by the adrenal gland, which increases reabsorption of sodium and water retention. 3) A. Renin is produced by the kidneys and is converted to angiotensin, which induces the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal gland, which in turn increases reabsorption of sodium and retention of water. 4) C. Renin is produced by the adrenal glands, leading to vasoconstriction and production of antidiuretic hormone by the pituitary gland, which increases fluid volume by causing water retention. no references, just homeworkarrow_forward
- If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 220 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 130 mg/100 ml, the amino acid will ________. A) not appear in the urine because it is too large to be filtered B) be actively secreted into the filtrate C) be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cellsarrow_forwardThis diagram illustrates which of the following Choose from the following: (A) secretion of hydrogen via Na+/H+ exchange ions by the proximal convoluted tubule (B) reabsorption of bicarbonate ions by intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct (C) secretion of H+ by H+K+/ATPase pumps in the intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct (D) A and B (E) all of the abovearrow_forwardDuring the maximal water diuresis, the ratio of the tubular fluid to plasma osmolarity is greater than 1.0 in which of the following? (A) The bend of the loop of Henle (B). Bowman Space (C) The collecting duct (D) The distal renal tubule (E) The proximal convoluted renal tubulearrow_forward
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