Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2.3, Problem 13CC
Summary Introduction
To determine: The effect on concentration of carbonic acid if the carbon dioxide concentration in the body is increased and its effect on the
Introduction: Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is made by the combination of carbon dioxide and water. It is formed in the body and its primary function is to transport carbon dioxide out of the body. The pH stands for “power of hydrogen.” The pH of a substance can be acidic, basic or neutral. The acidic substances have a pH of less than 7. The neutral substances have a pH of 7 and the basic substances have a pH greater than 7 which can go up to 14.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Carbonic anhydrase is an extremely efficient enzyme in red blood cells that performs the essential function
of trapping C02 coming out of tissues and hydrating it with H,0. The product of this reaction is
which dissociates into a proton and a
(Hint: the reaction is H20 + CO2
+„H+
bicarbonate; carbonic acid
carbonic acid; carbonate
carbonate; carbonic acid
carbonate; bicarbonate
carbonic acid; bicarbonate
Which of the equations below best represents how excess acid in the blood plasma
can be removed in the lungs by breathing?
H+
(aq)
+ 0.
2(g)
OH + H₂ CO
(aq)
OH+ + O
(aq)
2(g)
→ H, CO.
H + O₂
(aq)
2(g)
3(aq)
3(aq)
→ H₂O(g) + CO2(g)
+ CO2(g)
→ H₂O
H, CO3(aq) → HCO,
OH t + HCO3(aq) → H₂ CO3(g) → H₂O(g)
(aq)
→ H, CO3(aq)
3 (aq)
+ CO2(g)
H₂O(g) + CO2(g)
State the reversible chemical equation for the reaction of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid and then to hydrogen ion and bicarbonate ion.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 2.1 - List three major essential elements found in the...Ch. 2.1 - What is the general formula of a carbohydrate?Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 2.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 2.1 - Prob. 5CCCh. 2.1 - Prob. 6CCCh. 2.2 - Which dissolve more easily in water, polar...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 8CCCh. 2.2 - Why does table salt (NaCl) dissolve in water?Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 2.2 - pH is an expression of the concentration of what...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 12CCCh. 2.3 - Prob. 13CCCh. 2.3 - Prob. 14CCCh. 2.3 - Match each chemical to its action(s).Ch. 2.3 - What happens to the rate of an enzymatic reaction...Ch. 2.3 - What happens to the rate of an enzymatic reaction...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1CRQCh. 2 - Prob. 2CRQCh. 2 - Prob. 3CRQCh. 2 - Prob. 4CRQCh. 2 - Name the element associated with each of these...Ch. 2 - Write the one- or two-letter symbol for each of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 7CRQCh. 2 - Prob. 8CRQCh. 2 - H+ is also called a proton. Why is it given that...Ch. 2 - Prob. 10CRQCh. 2 - Prob. 11CRQCh. 2 - Prob. 12CRQCh. 2 - Prob. 13CRQCh. 2 - Prob. 14CRQCh. 2 - Prob. 15CRQCh. 2 - What aspect of protein structure allows proteins...Ch. 2 - Prob. 17CRQCh. 2 - List the three components of a nucleotide.Ch. 2 - Compare the structure of DNA with that of RNA.Ch. 2 - Distinguish between purines and pyrimidines.Ch. 2 - Prob. 1RQCh. 2 - Prob. 2RQCh. 2 - Prob. 3RQCh. 2 - Prob. 4RQCh. 2 - Fill in the blanks with the correct bond type. In...Ch. 2 - Prob. 6RQCh. 2 - Prob. 7RQCh. 2 - Prob. 8RQCh. 2 - Prob. 9RQCh. 2 - Prob. 10RQCh. 2 - Prob. 11RQCh. 2 - A molecule that binds to another molecule is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 13RQCh. 2 - Prob. 14RQCh. 2 - Prob. 15RQCh. 2 - Prob. 16RQCh. 2 - A solution in which [H+] = 103 M is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 18RQCh. 2 - Prob. 19RQCh. 2 - Prob. 20RQCh. 2 - Prob. 21RQCh. 2 - Prob. 22RQCh. 2 - Prob. 23RQCh. 2 - Prob. 24RQCh. 2 - Prob. 25RQCh. 2 - The graph shown below represents the binding of...
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Similar questions
- Human blood has a pH of approximately 7.4 due to the carbonic acid/bicarbonate ion (H2CO3/HCO3−) buffer system. Any pH changes below 6.8 or above 7.8 can lead to death! Carbonic acid dissociates to form water and carbon dioxide in the equilibrium shown below. This process is crucial in respiration.H2CO3 (aq) ⇋ CO2 (g) + H2O pKa1 = 2.77 Carbonic acid dissociates in water to form the bicarbonate ion and the hydroxonium ion by the following equilibrium reaction:H2CO3 (aq) + H2O ⇋ H3O(aq)+ + HCO3− pKa2 = 3.70 (ii) Explain how a 25% increase in carbonic acid levels may impact the availability of lead if a tainted calcium supplement ends up on the local marketarrow_forwardUse the law of mass action and the following equation: H2O + CO2 <-> H2CO3 <-> H+ + HCO3- to describe what happens to pH, HCO3-, and CO2 when there is an increase in H+ from a metabolic source.arrow_forwardThe amino acid alanine has two isomers, α-alanine and β-alanine. When equal masses of these two compounds are dissolved in equal amounts of a solvent, the solution of α-alanine freezes at the lowest temperature. Which form, α-alanine or β-alanine, has the larger equilibrium constant for ionization (HX ⇌ H+ + X−) ?arrow_forward
- Carbon dioxide is dissolved in blood (pH 7.4) to form a mixture of carbonic acid and bicarbonate. Neglecting free CO2, what fraction will be present as carbonic acid? Would you expect a significant amount of carbonate (CO32-)?arrow_forwardConsider the equilibrium shown below; indicating the buffering system in the blood circulation. CO, + H,0 [H,CO3] HCO3¯+H* When a patient is choking, would this lead to an alkalosis or an acidosis situation? Explain.arrow_forwardUsing the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for part a, b, and c Given: If the CO2 concentration decreases from 40 mmHg to 30 mmHg a. how much will the pH change? Given: If an unknown amount of CO2 is dissolved eventually leading to a pH of 8.4 b. What is final concentration of CO2? c. How would the body respond in each case? (Answer a, b, and c)arrow_forward
- thank youarrow_forwardWhich of the following oxygen ions are paramagnetic: O1,O2, O2-, O2+?arrow_forwardA 50-year-old man came to the emergency department after returning from foreign travel. His symptoms included persistent diarrhea (over the past 3 days) and rapid respiration (tachypnea). Blood gases were drawn with the following results: pH 7.21 pco2 19 mm Hg po2 96 mm Hg HCO3 − 7 mmol/L SO2 96% (calculated) (reference range, >95%) Question: What is the patient’s acid–base status? Why is the HCO3 − level so low? Why does the patient have rapid respiration?arrow_forward
- When sodium chloride forms, which element - sodium or chlorine - is oxidized? Which one is reduced?arrow_forwardThe carbonic acid equilibrium is shown below. Exhalation of CO2 by the lungs causes this equilibrium to shift to the ______, which causes the pH of the blood to _______. H+ + HCO3- <=> H2CO3 <=> H2O + CO2 a) left; increase b) left; decrease c) right; decrease d) right; increasearrow_forwardCalculate the pH of a blood plasma sample with a total CO2 concentration of 26.9 mM and bicarbonate concentration of 25.6 mM. Recall from page 67 that the relevant pK2 of carbonic acid is 6.1arrow_forward
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