Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960060
Author: Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22, Problem 22.35E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The structures of ATP, ADP, and AMP are to be drawn using the partial structure of adenosine phosphate.
Concept introduction:
The molecule which helps in the migration of energy produced during the breakdown of food to the other cells is known as adenosine triphosphate or ATP molecule. ATP contains adenine as nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups.
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GLYCOLYSIS:
1A) Starting with glucose (in the open-chain Fisher projection), draw out the molecular structures for
each step of glycolysis. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction.
1B) What is the net reaction of glycolysis?
CITRIC ACID CYCLE:
2A) Starting with acetyl-coenzymeA and oxaloacetate, draw out the molecular structures for each step
of the citric acid cycle. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction.
2B) What is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle? What happens to each product?
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION:
3A) Thoroughly explain the biological significance of NADH/H* and FADH2 and their roles in
oxidative phosphorylation.
3B) Describe and diagram the general pathway of the electrons from NADH/H+ and FADH₂ to O₂
during the electron transport chain.
3C) What is "chemiosmotic coupling", and what is its relationship to ATP synthesis?
3D) During oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is…
All are true of the Embden-Myerhof pathway EXCEPT
Question 88 options:
A)
the products pyruvic acid and ATP under aerobic conditions enter the Krebb's (TCA) cycle to produce more ATP
B)
the products pyruvic acid and ATP under anaerobic conditions are converted to lactic acid and two additional ATP
C)
Cells use this pathway when they have no energy needs
D)
Begins with the conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate
If sugar must be broken down to release energy through cellular respiration, why is
ATP needed in the process? Explain.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.1ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.2ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.3ECh. 22 - List two general functions in the body for each of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.5ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.6ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.7ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.8ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.9ECh. 22 - Identify each of the following vitamins as...
Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.11ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.12ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.13ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.14ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.15ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.16ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.17ECh. 22 - What are the general functions of trace minerals...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.19ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.20ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.21ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.22ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.23ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.24ECh. 22 - What is a metabolic pathway?Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.26ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.27ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.28ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.29ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.30ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.31ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.32ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.33ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.34ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.35ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.36ECh. 22 - Using symbolic formulas such as ADP and PPi, write...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.38ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.39ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.40ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.41ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.42ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.43ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.44ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.45ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.46ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.47ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.48ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.49ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.50ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.51ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.52ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.53ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.54ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.55ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.56ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.57ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.58ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.59ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.60ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.61ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.62ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.63ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.64ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.65ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.66ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.67ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.68ECh. 22 - Which of the following are not a requirement for...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.70ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.71ECh. 22 - Outline the three stages in the extraction of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.73ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.74ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.75ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.76ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.77E
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- Using symbolic formulas such as ADP and PPi, write equations for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and the hydrolysis of ATP to AMP.arrow_forwardATP Synthase in plants has the same basic structure and function as the ATP Synthase in humans. O True O Falsearrow_forwardATP is produced during synthesis of compounds. O True O Falsearrow_forward
- In one of the reactions in the citric acid cycle, which provides energy for ATP synthesis, succinic acid is converted to fumaric acid: C4H6 O4 + C4H4O4 + 2H succinic acid fumaric acid The reaction is accompanied by a coenzyme, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD): FAD + 2H → FADH2 ▼ Part A Indicate whether succinic acid and FAD are oxidized or reduced. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Reset Help oxidized The reaction of FAD involves the of hydrogen; therefore FAD is loss The reaction of succinic acid involves the of hydrogen; therefore succinic acid is addition reducedarrow_forwardGlycerol kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycerol from ATP, yielding glycerol-3-phosphate and ADP. The standard state free energy for hydrolysis of glycerol-3- phosphate is -9.20 kj/mol and for the hydrolysis of ATP is-30.5 kJ/mol. Calculate the standard-state free energy change and equilibrium constant for the glycerol kinase reaction at 37 *C. AG kj/mol Keq Submit Answer Try Another Version 10 item attempts remainingarrow_forwardExcess glucose in the body is stored as none of these options monosaccharides O proteins amino acidsarrow_forward
- metabolism1 Which of the following molecules is not a source of metabolic energy? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. DNA fats carbohydrates ATParrow_forwardATP Which of the following is true about ATP? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. la ATP forms in the citric acid cycle. b The formation of ATP releases energy. ATP reacts to help digest biomolecules. It is formed by adding phosphate to ADP.arrow_forwardFor a given acid HA, it was determined that at pH 6.0 the concentration of the conjugate base [A] was 0.075 M and the acid [HA] was 0.025 M. What percent of this acid is ionized at pH 6.0? What is the pKa of this acid? What pH would this acid be 50% lonized?arrow_forward
- Which statements describe electron transport chain events? Two electrons pass between cytochromes through a series of redox reactions. Citrate metabolism results in the formation of one FADH2 and three NADH. NADH releases two hydrogen ions and donates two electrons to coenzyme Q. ATP synthase uses the energy from the redox reactions to generate ATP.arrow_forwardX Animals preserve as a form of energy in their bodies. Glucose Fat Starch Cellulosearrow_forwardDraw the ATP - ADP Cycle and describe how each molecule (ATP, ADP, Phosphocreatine,carbohydrates) functions in this cycle. Part 2: Molecular Flowchart and RolesThere are four molecules: creatine, phosphocreatine, ATP, and ADP. Create a linear sequenceflowchart or pathway that illustrates how these molecules are interconnected during exercise.Describe the role of each molecule in the energy transfer process and explain how theycontribute to the generation and utilization of energy during exercise. Part 3: Effects of Hard Exercise Describe how vigorous exercise changes the levels of ATP, ADP, AMP, phosphocreatine,creatine, Pi (inorganic phosphate), IMP (inosine monophosphate), and ammonium in muscles.arrow_forward
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