(a)
Interpretation:
To predict why the
Concept introduction:
The formula for nitric acid is
Bond length is the distance between the nuclei in a bond and it is related to the sum of the covalent radii at the bonded atoms.
(b)
Interpretation:
To rationilize the bond angles in
Concept introduction:
The formula for nitric acid is
Bond angle is the angle defined by lines joining the centres of two atoms to a third atom to which they are covalently bonded.
(c)
Interpretation:
The hybridization in the central nitrogen atom in nitric acid and the orbitals overlap to form
Concept introduction:
The formula for nitric acid is
Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- Write two balanced chemical equations in which sulfuric acid acts as an oxidizing agent.arrow_forward(a) Which poisonous gas is evolved when white phosphorus is heated with Cone. NaOH solution? Write the chemical equation. (b) Write the formula of first noble gas compound prepared by N. Bartlett. What inspired N. Bartlett to prepare this compound? (c) Fluorine is a stronger oxidising agent than chlorine. Why? (d)Write one use of chlorine gas.arrow_forwardBorane (BH3) is unstable under normal conditions, but it has been detected at lowpressure.(a) Draw the Lewis structure for borane.(b) Draw a diagram of the bonding in BH3, and label the hybridization of each orbital.(c) Predict the H¬B¬H bond anglearrow_forward
- Chlorine dioxide gas (ClO2) is used as a commercial bleachingagent. It bleaches materials by oxidizing them. In thecourse of these reactions, the ClO2 is itself reduced. (a)What is the Lewis structure for ClO2? (b) Why do you thinkthat ClO2 is reduced so readily? (c) When a ClO2 moleculegains an electron, the chlorite ion, ClO2-, forms. Draw theLewis structure for ClO2-. (d) Predict the O—Cl—O bondangle in the ClO2- ion. (e) One method of preparing ClO2is by the reaction of chlorine and sodium chlorite:Cl2(g) + 2 NaClO2(s)------>2 ClO2(g) + 2 NaCl(s)If you allow 15.0 g of NaClO2 to react with 2.00 L of chlorinegas at a pressure of 1.50 atm at 21 °C, how many gramsof ClO2 can be prepared?arrow_forward4. (a) Draw the shape of the atomic valence orbitals formed by the overlaping of two fluoride 2p atomic orbitals. (b) Draw the molecular orbital diagrams for F2 and F2*. Identify their bond order and magnetic properties. (c) An unstable nucleus exhibit radioactivity. (i) Explain how the number of protons and neutrons in a radioactive nucleus can be used to predict its probable mode decay. (ii) Illustrate your answer in (i) with a schematic graph.arrow_forward(a) Draw the best Lewis structure(s) for the nitrite ion, NO2-.(b) With what allotrope of oxygen is it isoelectronic?(c) What would you predict for the lengths of the bondsin NO2- relative to N¬O single bonds and doublebonds?arrow_forward
- A molecular property of the Group 6A(16) hydrides changes abruptly down the group. This change has been ex-plained in terms of a change in orbital hybridization.(a) Between what periods does the change occur?(b) What is the change in the molecular property?(c) What is the change in hybridization?(d) What other group displays a similar change?arrow_forwardThe average bond enthalpies of the C—F and C—Cl bondsare 485 kJ/mol and 328 kJ/mol, respectively. (a) What isthe maximum wavelength that a photon can possess andstill have sufficient energy to break the C—F and C—Clbonds, respectively? (b) Given the fact that O2, N2, andO in the upper atmosphere absorb most of the light withwavelengths shorter than 240 nm, would you expect thephotodissociation of C—F bonds to be significant in thelower atmosphere?arrow_forwardFor each of the following, draw the Lewis structure, predict the ONO bond angle, and give the hybridization of the nitrogen. (a) NO2(b) NO2−(c) NO2+arrow_forward
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