An Introduction to Thermal Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780201380279
Author: Daniel V. Schroeder
Publisher: Addison Wesley
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 1.6, Problem 50P
Consider the combustion of one mole of methane gas:
The system is at standard temperature (298 K) and pressure (105 Pa) both before and after the reaction.
- First imagine the process of converting a mole of methane into its elemental consituents (graphite and hydrogen gas). Use the data at the back of this book to find ΔH for this process.
- Now imagine forming a mole of
- What is
- How much heat is given off during this reaction, assuming that no “other” forms of work are done?
- What is the change in the system’s energy during this reaction? How would your answer differ if the
- The sun has a mass
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
What is the ΔS° for the reaction? Given are the S°, in J K-1 mol-1, of each substance in parentheses.
SiCl4 (g, 330.73) + 2 Mg (s, 32.68) → 2 MgCl2 (s, 89.62) + Si (s, 18.83)
-198.02 J/K
198.02 J/K
-254.96 J/K
254.96 J/K
The figure (not to scale) shows a pV diagram for 10 dg of helium gas (He) that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3. Find the value of V3 and V1. The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol∙K = 0.0821 L∙atm/mol∙K, and the atomic weight of helium is 4.0 g/mol.
For the reaction of 2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g) having the following conditions:
Temperature = 25⁰C
ΔG = −141.6kJ
ΔH = −198.4kJ
ΔS = −187.8 JK
If enthalpy and entropy do not change with temperature, determine the value of ΔG at
227⁰C? State whether the reaction become less or more spontaneous?
Chapter 1 Solutions
An Introduction to Thermal Physics
Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 1.1 - The Rankine temperature scale (abbreviatedR) uses...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 3PCh. 1.1 - Does it ever make sense to say that one object is...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 5PCh. 1.1 - Give an example to illustrate why you cannot...Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 7PCh. 1.1 - For a solid, we also define the linear thermal...Ch. 1.2 - What is the volume of one mole of air, at room...Ch. 1.2 - Energy in Thermal Physics Estimate the number of...
Ch. 1.2 - Rooms A and B are the same size, and are connected...Ch. 1.2 - Calculate the average volume per molecule for an...Ch. 1.2 - A mole is approximately the number of protons in a...Ch. 1.2 - Calculate the mass of a mole of dry air, which is...Ch. 1.2 - Estimate the average temperature of the air inside...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 16PCh. 1.2 - Prob. 17PCh. 1.2 - Prob. 18PCh. 1.2 - Suppose you have a gas containing hydrogen...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 20PCh. 1.2 - During a hailstorm, hailstones with an average...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 22PCh. 1.3 - Calculate the total thermal energy in a liter of...Ch. 1.3 - Calculate the total thermal energy in a gram of...Ch. 1.3 - List all the degrees of freedom, or as many as you...Ch. 1.4 - A battery is connected in series to a resistor,...Ch. 1.4 - Give an example of a process in which no heat is...Ch. 1.4 - Estimate how long it should take to bring a cup of...Ch. 1.4 - A cup containing 200 g of water is sitting on your...Ch. 1.4 - Put a few spoonfuls of water into a bottle with a...Ch. 1.5 - Imagine some helium in cylinder with an initial...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 32PCh. 1.5 - An ideal gas is made to undergo the cyclic process...Ch. 1.5 - An ideal diatomic gas, in a cylinder with a...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 35PCh. 1.5 - In the course of pumping up a bicycle tire, a...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 37PCh. 1.5 - Two identical bubbles of gas form at the bottom of...Ch. 1.5 - By applying Newtons laws to the oscillations of a...Ch. 1.5 - In problem 1.16 you calculated the pressure of...Ch. 1.6 - To measure the heat capacity of an object, all you...Ch. 1.6 - The specific heat capacity of Albertsons Rotini...Ch. 1.6 - Calculate the heat capacity of liquid water per...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 44PCh. 1.6 - Prob. 45PCh. 1.6 - Measured heat capacities of solids and liquids are...Ch. 1.6 - Your 200-g cup of tea is boiling-hot. About how...Ch. 1.6 - When spring finally arrives in the mountains, the...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 49PCh. 1.6 - Consider the combustion of one mole of methane...Ch. 1.6 - Use the data at the back of this book to determine...Ch. 1.6 - The enthalpy of combustion of a gallon (3.8...Ch. 1.6 - Look up the enthalpy of formation of atomic...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 54PCh. 1.6 - Heat capacities are normally positive, but there...Ch. 1.7 - Calculate the rate of heat conduction through a...Ch. 1.7 - Home owners and builders discuss thermal...Ch. 1.7 - According to a standard reference table, the R...Ch. 1.7 - Make a rough estimate of the total rate or...Ch. 1.7 - A frying pan is quickly heated on the stovetop to...Ch. 1.7 - Geologists measure conductive heat flow out of the...Ch. 1.7 - Consider a uniform rod of material whose...Ch. 1.7 - Prob. 63PCh. 1.7 - Make a rough estimate of the thermal conductivity...Ch. 1.7 - Prob. 65PCh. 1.7 - In analogy with the thermal conductivity, derive...Ch. 1.7 - Make a rough estimate of how far food coloring (or...Ch. 1.7 - Prob. 68PCh. 1.7 - Imagine a narrow pipe, filled with fluid, in which...Ch. 1.7 - Prob. 70P
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
The pV-diagram of the Carnot cycle.
Sears And Zemansky's University Physics With Modern Physics
Due to the light absorbed by Earth’s surface that was emitted by Earth’s atmosphere, is Earth’s temperature nea...
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy
79. The effect of transmission lines. Two hikers are reading a compass under an overhead transmission line that...
College Physics (10th Edition)
(II) How many kWh of energy does a 550-W toaster use in the morning if it is in operation for a total of 6.0 mi...
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
18. A cosmic ray travels 60 km through the earth’s atmosphere in 400 ?s, as measured by experimenters on the gr...
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
What is the role of “loose” electrons in heat conductors?
Conceptual Physics (12th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- (a) Using data from the previous problem, find the mass of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in 1 mol of dry air. The molar mass of N2 is 28.0 g/mol, that of O2 is 32.0 g/mol, and that of argon is 39.9 g/mol. (b) Dry air is mixed with pentane 5 H12, molar mass 72.2 g/mol), an important constituent of gasoline, in an air-fuel ratio of 15:1 by mass (roughly typical for car engines). Find the partial pressure of pentane in this mixture at an overall pressure of 1.00 atm.arrow_forwardThe vapor pressures of the components, A and B, in a binary solution have been modeled and found to obey хара exp(0.75 XB) A A exp(0.75x) where XÃ and are the mole fractions, and PA* and PB* are the vapor pressures of each pure substance at room temperature. (a) If PA* = 0.084 bar and the total pressure of a mixture with XA = 0.40 is 0.125 bars, what is PB*, the vapor pressure of pure B (in bars)? P = X P А P₁ = X_P B QUESTION 14 B B * * Continuation of the previous problem (b) Assuming that the vapor is an ideal gas, what is the mole fraction of component B in the vapor phase?arrow_forwardA 2.7 L volume of ideal neon gas (monatomic) is at a pressure of 4.6 atmospheres and a temperature of 360 K. The atomic mass of neon is 20.2 g/mol. In this situation, the temperature of the gas is increased to 460 and the volume is increased to 4.7 L. The final pressure of the gas, in atmospheres, is closest to: A) 3.7 B) 3.4 C) 3.0 D) 4.4 E) 4.1arrow_forward
- Oxygen (molar mass = 32 g) occupies a volume of 12 liters when its temperature is 20°C and its pressure is 1 atm. Using R= 0.082 liter-atm/mole-K, calculate the mass of the oxygen: %3D O 6.4g O 11g O 16g O 32 g O 64 garrow_forwardHydrogen is prepared commercially by the reaction of methane and water vapor at elevated temperatures. CH4(g) + H2 O(g) ⇌ 3H2(g) + CO(g)What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction if a mixture at equilibrium contains gases with the following concentrations: CH4, 0.126 M; H2O, 0.242 M; CO, 0.126 M; H2 1.15 M, at a temperature of 760 °C?arrow_forwardFor any gas, C C. - (+7), (7), Suppose you have one mole of a gas that obeys the equation of state, p(v- b) = represents the volume taken up by the molecules in the system, and 3.5 bars and T = 425 K for your gas sample. Hint: Use the equation of state to evaluate the partial derivatives. =RT, where b is the molar volume. Find the value of A if C-C₁=AR when P = 6arrow_forward
- You measure the average free path λ and the average collision time τ of the molecules of a diatomic gas of molecular mass 6.00 × 10-²⁵ kg and radius r = 1.0 x 10-¹⁰ m. From these microscopic data can we obtain macroscopic properties such as temperature T and pressure P? If so, consider λ = 4.32 x 10-⁸ m and τ = 3.00 x 10-¹⁰ s and calculate T and P. indicate the correct answer: 1- Not possible2- Yes, T =150 K and P ~ 2.04 atm.3- Yes, T = 150 K and P ~ 4.08 atm.4- Yes, T = 300 K and P ~ 4.08 atm.5- Yes, T = 300 K and P ~ 5.32 atm6- Yes, T = 400 K and P ~ 4.08 atm.7- Yes, T = 400 K and P ~ 5.32 atm. obs.: If necessary, consider: R = 8.314 J/mol∙K1 cal = 4.19 Jkb =1,38 x 10⁻²³ m² kg s⁻² K⁻¹arrow_forwardHelium is a very important element for both industrial and research applications. In its gas form it can be used for welding, and since it has a very low melting point (only 0.95 K under 2.5 MPa) it can be used in liquid form to cool superconducting magnets, such as those found in particle physics experiments. Say we have a cylinder of n = 105 moles of Helium gas at room temperature (T= 20° C). The cylinder has a radius of r = 16.5 cm and a height h = 1.31 m. What pressure (in kPa) is the helium gas under? P = Helium is usually kept in the highest pressure gas cylinders, which can typically withstand at least 500 atm of pressure. Would the tank in part (a) be able to maintain its structural integrity? In principle, these tanks could fail if the temperature of the Helium started rising - if they were stored in a hot environment, for instance. To determine how much of a danger this is, calculate the temperature (in C) the Helium gas would have to be to make the tank start to crack. Tmaxarrow_forwardConsider 1 g of sodium chloride that is successively divided into smaller cubes with various varying sizes as shown in table. Assuming a mass density of 2.178×10³ kg/m³ and surface energy of 2 × 10-5 J/cm², complete the table below and make your conclusion about how the total surface energy of 1 g of sodium chloride vary with particle size. Total surface area Side 0.1 cm 0.01 cm 0.001 cm 1 μm 1 nm Total Surface energy (J/g)arrow_forward
- A 2.00 x 10-3 m3 of Oxygen gas (O2) has an initial temperature and pressure of 200 K at 1 atm (101,300 Pa). The gas undergoes four processes: AB: Heated at constant V to 400 K. BC: Heated at constant P to 800 K. CD: Cooled at constant V back to 1 atm (101,300 Pa) DA: Cooled at constant P back to 200 K How many moles of O2are present? What is the pressure(in Pascals) at point B? Find Q, U and W for process AB.arrow_forwardThere are two important isotopes of uranium, 235 U and 238 U ; these isotopes are nearly identical chemically but have different atomic masses. Only 235 U is very useful in nuclear reactors. Separating the isotopes is called uranium enrichment (and is often in the news as of this writing, because of concerns that some countries are enriching uranium with the goal of making nuclear weapons.) One of the techniques for enrichment, gas diffusion, is based on the different molecular speeds of uranium hexafluoride gas, UF6 . (a) The molar masses of 235 U and 238 UF6 are 349.0 g/mol and 352.0 g/mol, respectively. What is the ratio of their typical speeds vrms ? (b) At what temperature would their typical speeds differ by1.00 m/s? (c) Do your answers in this problem imply that this technique may be difficult?arrow_forwardSchmedrick takes his dune buggy to the gas station and fills it up to the very brim. His tank is a steel cylinder of radius 23 cm and height 45 cm (big enough to hold about 20 gallons). He burns a liter of gas getting to the beach, where both the tank and the gas heat up by 20 ºC. Both the tank and the gas expand. For steel α = 1.1 · 10-5 / ºC. For gasoline β = 9.6 · 10-4 / ºC. Does the tank overflow? Use the linear expansion formula to calculate the increase in radius of the tank: Use the linear expansion formula to calculate the increase in height of the tank: For a cylinder, V = π r 2 h. Calculate the increase in volume of the tank: Calculate the volume of gasoline at the beach before expansion. (1 cm 3 = 1 mL): Use the volume expansion formula to calculate the increase in volume of the gasoline: Conclusion:arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY