Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 16, Problem 36CTQ
Alternative forms of a protein can be beneficial or harmful to a cell. What do you think would happen if too much of an alternative protein bound to the 3' UTR of an RNA and caused it to degrade?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Hydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA?
Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls.
What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene?
Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations)
Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.
Indicate which of the following items are associated with transcription or translation. This could be in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, or both.
Group of answer choices: Translation OR Transcription
Sigma binds to the promoter
mRNA binds to the small ribosomal subunit
Spliceosomes remove introns and splice together exons
Nucleotides are added from the 5' to 3' end
tRNA anticodon binds to the corresponding mRNA codon
STOP codon results in termination
Which statement is false:
A) Each type of protein ( ex: hemoglobin vs trypsionngen) varies in the length and amino acid sequence of its peptide
B) After the rpocess of transcription is complete, the mRNA that is produced will continue being tranlsated by ribosomes for the rest of the cells life. mRNA never breaks down
C) A ribosome will bind to an mRNA and will translate the sequence by reading one codon at a time and adding one amino acid to the peptide chain. It will stop the translation once it encounters a stop codon
D) The gene for a protein provides the information on the legth of the peptide, along w the amino acid sequence so the protein can be synthesized by a ribosome
E) Once mRNA has left the nucleus, ribosomes will bind to it and will follow the instructions in its sequence to make the new protien
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 16 - Figure 16.5 In E. coli, the tip operon is on by...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.7 In females, one of the two X...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels...Ch. 16 - Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - Post-translational control refers to: regulation...Ch. 16 - How does the regulation of gene expression support...Ch. 16 - If glucose is absent, but so is lactose, the lac...Ch. 16 - Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the...Ch. 16 - The a/a operon is an inducible operon that...Ch. 16 - What are epigenetic modifications? the addition of...
Ch. 16 - Which of the following are true of epigenetic...Ch. 16 - The binding of _____ is required for transcription...Ch. 16 - What will result from the binding of a...Ch. 16 - A scientist compares the promoter regions of two...Ch. 16 - Which of the following are involved in post...Ch. 16 - Binding of an RNA binding protein will the...Ch. 16 - An unprocessed pre-mRNA has the following...Ch. 16 - IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to...Ch. 16 - Post-translational modifications of proteins can...Ch. 16 - A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP...Ch. 16 - Cancer causing genes are called transformation...Ch. 16 - Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set...Ch. 16 - Name two differences between prokaryotic and...Ch. 16 - Describe how controlling gene expression will...Ch. 16 - Describe how transcription in prokaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between a repressible and...Ch. 16 - In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic...Ch. 16 - A scientific study demonstrated that rat mothering...Ch. 16 - Some autoimmune diseases show a positive...Ch. 16 - A mutation within the promoter region can alter...Ch. 16 - What could happen if a cell had too much of an...Ch. 16 - A scientist identifies a potential transcription...Ch. 16 - Describe how RBPs can prevent miRNAs from...Ch. 16 - How can external stimuli alter...Ch. 16 - Protein modification can alter gene expression in...Ch. 16 - Alternative forms of a protein can be beneficial...Ch. 16 - Changes in epigenetic modifications alter the...Ch. 16 - A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X...Ch. 16 - New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA...Ch. 16 - How can understanding the gene expression pattern...
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- The information in DNA is used by cells to produce proteins that perform various functions in cells. The process of gene expression involves the transcription of a mRNA molecule that is translated by ribosomes into a strand of amino acids.1. Use your DNA strand to construct a part of a messenger RNA molecule.DNA: A G T A C C G G G C A A A C T G C A T T G T GmRNA:2. find it by searching the internet for the "Genetic Code Chart" to determine the sequence of amino acids in your polypeptide chain. Remember to START translation at the start codon by adding a Methionine and STOP translating when you reach a stop codon.arrow_forwardSeveral different nucleic acids are involved in the process of getting a protein produced from a gene. DNA contains the "genetic code" for the protein. DNA is double-stranded, but only one strand is transcribed into MRNA. The MRNA then goes into the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein with the help of TRNA. At each stage of the process, there is base complementarity (A pairs with T/U and C pairs with G) between the nucleic acids involved to ensure the integrity of the DNA blueprint for the protein being produced. Therefore, some of the four strands of nucleic acids involved will match (except U replaces T in RNA) and some will have base complementarity. Indicate whether there is matching (1) or base complementarity (2) between the following nucleic acids. DNA sense strand and MRNA DNA sense strand and tRNA DNA antisense strand and MRNA MRNA and TRNAarrow_forwardResearchers are designing and testing antisense drugs as therapies for a variety of diseases, inclusing cancer, AIDS, diabeates, and muscular dystrophy. The drugs are also being tested to fight infection by deadly viruses such as Ebola. Antisense drugs consist of short RNA strands coplementary in sequence to mRNAs that form during the progression of a disease. How do you think these drugs work?arrow_forward
- After translation a protein needs to be folded correctly in order to function properly: C) What happens if folding doesn't work or a protein is at the end of its life (what process the protein goes through and what proteins are involved)?arrow_forwardA strand of DNA is composed of: A 30%, T 15%, G35%, and C 20%. What is the composition of the complimentary mRNA strand? A 30%, T 15%, G35%, and C A 30%, U 15%, G35%, and C 20%. A 15%, T 30%, G20%, and C 35%. A 15%, U 30%, G20%, and C 35%. A 20%, T 35%, G15%, and C 30%.arrow_forwardDuring translation, each tRNA molecule must be activated in order to bind to the correct amino acid and this process requires the hydrolysis of GTP. Select one: O True O Falsearrow_forward
- Below is a diagram of charged tRNAS in the active site of the ribosome during translation of the MRNA into protein. What would be the codon in the mRNA that base pairs with the anti-codon in the t- RNA charged with Glu (Glutamic acid) ? HINT: Check the genetic code table/chart. X. Ala Arg Cys Gly Met Trp Leu Glu TRNA B TRNA A A 5'-AAC-3' 5'-CUU-3' 5'-GAA-3' 5'-AUG-3'arrow_forwardSickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited disorders. People with SCD have sickle-shaped red blood cells. A single base substitution mutation can cause one type of SCD. This mutation causes a change in the structure of the beta polypeptide chains in haemoglobin. Explain how a single base substitution causes a change in the structure of this polypeptide. Do not include details of transcription and translation in your answer.arrow_forwardPart A) In your own words describe what happens in transcription and translation Include which types of nucleic acids are involved in each step Describe the function of each type of nucleic acid in the process of making proteins Part B) Also, explain how two nucleic acids "recognize" or "talk" to each otherarrow_forward
- Like mRNA, tRNA has a ribose sugar, U instead of T, and is single stranded. Unlike mRNA, which remains a long single strand of nucleotides, tRNA folds so that some areas pair up. The resulting structure has an anticodon on one end and a site for an amino acid to attach on the other end. There is base complementarity (A pairs with U and G pairs with C) between an mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon.If the amino acid lysine attaches to a tRNA, which of the following anticodons could be at the opposite end of the tRNA molecule? a. UUU and UUC b. AAA and AAG c. AGA and AGU d. UCU and UCAarrow_forwardGeneticists are studying a malfunctioning protein that causes impaired endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. They have noticed that the amino acid sequence of the protein is truncated compared to normal controls. The mutated mRNA strand is isolated, and analysis shows a nonsense mutation located near the 3' end of the coding region. The 3' terminal coding sequence of the abnormal mRNA strand is shown below. 5`- AUG-ACC-ACU-CCA-CUG-UUG-UUC-CAA-GGG-GAG-AGC-UAG-GUC-CGG-GGC-GGA-AAA-UUU-UAA-3` Write down the tRNA anticodon responsible for adding the last amino acid?arrow_forwardAt least three types of RNA are required for protein synthesis. Compare and contrast mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA by moving the descriptions of their structure and function to the appropriate categories. Some phrases may describe all three types of RNA. mRNA in eukaryotes, can exist outside the nucleus acts as an enzyme for peptide synthesis composed of ribonucleic acid rRNA Answer Bank moves amino acids to the site of protein synthesis tRNA contains nucleotide triplets that code for specific amino acids has a convoluted structure with a three-base sequence called an anticodon moves genetic information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm mRNA, rRNA, and tRNAarrow_forward
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