Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 35CTQ
Protein modification can alter gene expression in many ways. Describe how phosphorylation of proteins can alter gene expression.
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Genetic expression involves transcription and translation. Match the structure or
molecule to the step
site where amino acid
combines with tRNA
intron sequences are
removed and exons are
combined together
makes RNA more stable in
the cytoplasm
region of DNA with
sequences that combine
with RNA polymerase
transcribed strand that
will go on to translation
connects amino acid to
polypeptide chain and
leaves tRNA
site where tRNA with
amino acid enters the
ribosome
recognized by the protein
synthesis machinery
enzyme that connects
RNA nucleotides to DNA
template
part of tRNA with
nucleotides
complementary to mRNA
1. peptide bond
2.
3.
antisense strand
4. anticodon loop
5. RNA polymerase
5' cap
6. A site
8.
7. splicing
9.
promoter region
acceptor stem
10. poly-A tail
Which of the following are examples of post-
translational modification (PTM)? (select two
answers)
Genomic DNA is methylated by a DNA
methyltransferase, altering the binding of
transcription factors.
Glycogen phosphorylase becomes active when
phosphorylated by glycogen phosphorylase
kinase.
Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase as the
first step in glycolysis.
Ras is active when bound to GTP, and inactive
when bound to GDP.
Caspase 3 is activated when cleaved by capsase
9.
Describe translation. What is the function of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthase?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 16 - Figure 16.5 In E. coli, the tip operon is on by...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.7 In females, one of the two X...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels...Ch. 16 - Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - Post-translational control refers to: regulation...Ch. 16 - How does the regulation of gene expression support...Ch. 16 - If glucose is absent, but so is lactose, the lac...Ch. 16 - Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the...Ch. 16 - The a/a operon is an inducible operon that...Ch. 16 - What are epigenetic modifications? the addition of...
Ch. 16 - Which of the following are true of epigenetic...Ch. 16 - The binding of _____ is required for transcription...Ch. 16 - What will result from the binding of a...Ch. 16 - A scientist compares the promoter regions of two...Ch. 16 - Which of the following are involved in post...Ch. 16 - Binding of an RNA binding protein will the...Ch. 16 - An unprocessed pre-mRNA has the following...Ch. 16 - IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to...Ch. 16 - Post-translational modifications of proteins can...Ch. 16 - A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP...Ch. 16 - Cancer causing genes are called transformation...Ch. 16 - Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set...Ch. 16 - Name two differences between prokaryotic and...Ch. 16 - Describe how controlling gene expression will...Ch. 16 - Describe how transcription in prokaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between a repressible and...Ch. 16 - In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic...Ch. 16 - A scientific study demonstrated that rat mothering...Ch. 16 - Some autoimmune diseases show a positive...Ch. 16 - A mutation within the promoter region can alter...Ch. 16 - What could happen if a cell had too much of an...Ch. 16 - A scientist identifies a potential transcription...Ch. 16 - Describe how RBPs can prevent miRNAs from...Ch. 16 - How can external stimuli alter...Ch. 16 - Protein modification can alter gene expression in...Ch. 16 - Alternative forms of a protein can be beneficial...Ch. 16 - Changes in epigenetic modifications alter the...Ch. 16 - A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X...Ch. 16 - New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA...Ch. 16 - How can understanding the gene expression pattern...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Provide one mechanism by which changes in mRNA levels are not always matched by changes in the protein product of that mRNA.arrow_forwardCovalent modification of eukaryotic DNA is an important regulator of gene expression. Name one type of covalent modification of DNA. Describe the location of this modification and the effect on gene expression.arrow_forwardDefine regulatory mutation. Describe how an insertion, deletion, or substituion of a base pair in a promoter might affect the transcription driven by that promoter.arrow_forward
- Protein activity is controlled by multiple mechanisms in the cell. Briefly describe how this type of protein control is used in the cell and if this is an example of pre- or post-translational control. Allosteric activationarrow_forwardRegulation can occur at many steps in the pathway of gene expression. Briefly describe at least one example of a regulator at the level of: a) transcriptional initiation b) protein stability c) posttranslational protein modificationarrow_forwardADP ribosylation is one example of post-translational modification of an enzyme. Which statements about the process is true? ADP ribosylation will affect protein folding because of the addition of a large molecule ADP ribose can be added to the amine group of lysine or glutamine The ending of DNA around histones in the nucleus is altered by the ADP -ribosylation of the histone proteins in cancer cells ADP ribosylation requires ADP and the target protein as the substrates in the ADP ribosylation ADP ribosylation of phosphoinositol is an important step in signaling through a G protein-coupled receptor pathway.arrow_forward
- DNA and RNA are information molecules with different roles in gene expression. List three differences between these two types of molecules.arrow_forwardMany blood clotting proteins undergo a post-translational modification in which specific glutamic acid residues (Glu) in the protein are converted to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues (Gla). See reaction scheme below. An example is the blood clotting protein Factor IX, which has 12 Glu in its N-terminus converted to Gla. This modification gives Factor IX the ability to bind calcium and phospholipid membranes. Bacteria do not have the enzyme required to convert Glu to Gla and therefore Factor IX proteins expressed in bacteria would not have the proper modifications. How might you engineer the translational apparatus of a bacterial cell line so that it produces Factor IX with Gla in the appropriate positions. How would you ensure that only the 12 Glu in Factor IX that are normally converted to Gla and not just all Glu (Limit 5-6 senetnces)?arrow_forwardDetermine whether the following will increase or decrease gene expression: mRNA degradation mRNA capping Binding of a transcriptional activator Ubiquitination of a protein and targeting to the proteasomearrow_forward
- Discuss how the expression of a protein can be regulated post transcription in eukaryotic cells through, using the following key terms: Degradation of mRNA (two ways) Blocking translation Degradation of the proteinarrow_forwardConsider the following simple regulatory pathways. Assume the full pathway is shown. A- E- B- F- C- G- D- 1 A H- 2 B || L You identify several null mutations (a complete deletion of the gene). For each mutant (indicated with a - sign), determine whether the final product (I, J, K or L) is inducible, uninducible, or constitutive. 3 C 4 D- [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] E [Choose ] F G I H || J Karrow_forwardExplain post-translational modification of proteins in general with the types of reactions. Provide some examples of proteins that undergo post-translational modification. What are the protein targets, the type of reaction, and purpose or functions of this post-translational modification, then look up other resources to find other functions of lysyl-tRNA synthetase and explainarrow_forward
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