Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 11, Problem 22RA
Summary Introduction
To review:
The effect of a drug which blocks the conversion of T4 into T3 on TSH secretion, thyroxine secretion, and size of the thyroid gland.
Introduction:
The hypothalamus has the task of secreting thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The thyroid gland is triggered by TSH to release thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The secreted thyroxine and triiodothyronine are transferred to the target sites through the bloodstream.
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Functions of Various Hormones
1. Increases water reabsorption in the kidney tubules
2. Promotes the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys to increase water reabsorption
3. Regulates secretion of hormones by anterior pituitary gland
4. Stimulates mitosis and promotes bone and muscle growth
5. Raises blood glucose level in response to long-term stress
6. Triggers fight-or-flight response for short-term stress
Match four of the functions numbered above with the
rmones given below.
Function:
Antidiuretic
Hormone:
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Epinephrine
hormone
Biological role of thyroid hormones embrace all of the following, except:A. Sexual developmentB. Growth regulationC. Tissue differentiationD. Regulation of metabolic processesE. Calorigenesis
Thyroid hormones are important in regulating the body’s basal metabolic rate. Thyroid hormones are lipid-soluble and have a long half-life.What are the advantages and disadvantages of a long half-life for thyroidhormones, compared with a short half-life?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 11 - Compare the four chemical classes of hormones with...Ch. 11 - Define prohormone and prehormone, and give...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1cCPCh. 11 - Prob. 2aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 2bCPCh. 11 - Prob. 3CPCh. 11 - Prob. 4aCPCh. 11 - Describe the sequence of events by which a hormone...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4cCPCh. 11 - Prob. 5aCP
Ch. 11 - Prob. 5bCPCh. 11 - List the hormones secreted by the anterior...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CPCh. 11 - Prob. 8aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 8bCPCh. 11 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 11 - Describe the structure of the thyroid gland and...Ch. 11 - Describe how thyroid hormones are produced and how...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10cCPCh. 11 - Describe the location of the parathyroid glands...Ch. 11 - Prob. 12aCPCh. 11 - Describe how insulin and glucagon secretion are...Ch. 11 - Prob. 13CPCh. 11 - Prob. 14CPCh. 11 - Explain the nature of autocrine regulation. How...Ch. 11 - List some of the paracrine regulators produced by...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16aCPCh. 11 - Prob. 16bCPCh. 11 - Prob. 1RACh. 11 - Prob. 2RACh. 11 - Which of these statements about the adrenal cortex...Ch. 11 - Which of these statements about the hormone...Ch. 11 - Prob. 5RACh. 11 - Prob. 6RACh. 11 - Prob. 7RACh. 11 - Prob. 8RACh. 11 - Steroid hormones arc secreted by...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RACh. 11 - Prob. 11RACh. 11 - Prob. 12RACh. 11 - Prob. 13RACh. 11 - Which of these hormones may have a primary role in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 15RACh. 11 - What do insulin-like growth factors,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17RACh. 11 - Prob. 18RACh. 11 - Prob. 19RACh. 11 - Describe the sequence of events by which a hormone...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21RACh. 11 - Prob. 22RACh. 11 - Prob. 23RACh. 11 - Prob. 24RACh. 11 - Describe how thyroid hormone secretion is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 26RACh. 11 - Prob. 27RACh. 11 - Prob. 28RACh. 11 - Prob. 29RACh. 11 - Prob. 30RACh. 11 - Prob. 31RACh. 11 - Prob. 32RACh. 11 - Prob. 33RACh. 11 - Distinguish between the genomic and nongenomic...Ch. 11 - Prob. 35RACh. 11 - Diabetics who require insulin injections can...Ch. 11 - Prob. 37RACh. 11 - Prob. 38RACh. 11 - Prob. 39RACh. 11 - Prob. 40RA
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- Cells of an overactive thyroid can be killed by radioactive iodine. Explain why the thyroids hormone-producing cells take up more radioactive iodine than other cells of the body.arrow_forwardAddisons disease develops when the adrenal cortex does not secrete enough mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. President John F. Kennedy was diagnosed with the disease when he was a young man. Before he started treatment with hormone replacement therapy, he was hypoglycemic and lost weight. Which missing hormone was responsible for his weight loss? How might Addisons disease have affected his blood pressure?arrow_forwardA __________ is synthesized from amino acids and cannot diffuse across the plasma membrane. a, steroid hormone b. protein hormone c. peptide hormone d. both b and carrow_forward
- Figure 37.14 Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is overactive. Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is underactive. Which of the conditions are the following two patients most likely to have? Patient A has symptoms including weight gain, cold sensitivity, low heart rate, and fatigue. Patient B has symptoms including weight loss, profuse sweating, increased heart rate, and difficulty sleeping.arrow_forwardGive two examples of feedback control of hormone activity.arrow_forwardHormone release and regulation is a complex interplay of control systems, feedback pathways and the concentration of circulating substances. Demonstrate your understanding of how negative feedback systems work by considering what would happen if the usual mechanisms no longer applied. You may like to think about an ectopic source of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), as secreted from a small cell carcinoma of the lung, as an example. In your explanation of how negative feedback systems can be derailed, describe how hormone/s released from the target endocrine organ usually regulate the feedback loop.arrow_forward
- Choose correct statement relatively to the detrimental action of increased thyroid hormone production: A. T3 sensitises the myocardium to the effects of catecholaminesB. T3 and T4 cause hyperprolactinemiaC. Weight gain is related with thyroid overproduction D. T4 directly induce tachycardiaE. Excessive level of thyroid hormones predisposes to constipationarrow_forward(human physiology) 1) Match the insulin types (1-3) with the plots (A-C)? Explain? 2) Oral administration (e.g. in the form of pills) of insulin and subcutaneous administration, which is more effective? Why? 3) Why are elderly, sedentary, obese and regular smokers at high risk of diabetes?arrow_forwardexplain how certain of the actions of epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone illustrate in part the general principle of physiology that most physiological functions are controlled by multiple regulatory systems, often working in opposition.arrow_forward
- Name the two hormones absolutely essential for the body’s survival, and explain why.arrow_forwardA 45-year-old woman comes to her physician complaining of nervousness and an unexplained weight loss of 25 pounds over the last 3 months, despite that she is not dieting or exrcising. On her physical examination, the doctor notices protruding eyes, her skin is moist and warm and her fingers have a tremor. Compared to a normal individual, the biopsy of her thyroid gland would most likely reveal which of the following? O a. A decrease in the size of the follicular cells O b. Decreased evidence of lysosomal activity O c. Decreased number of reabsorption lacunae O d. A decrease in the cross-sectional area occupied by the colloid O e. Decreased evidence of endocytosisarrow_forwardUnlike the glucocorticoid receptor, the thyroid receptor has an activity even in the absence of thyroid hormone. Explain the activity of the receptor under these conditions and how hormone binding changes the activity.arrow_forward
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