You have several mutant strains of virions. Describe the replication cycle and outcome for each mutant vir compared to the WT of the virus. 1. M1: Measles virus that does not package the viral transcriptase in the virion. 2. M2: Adenovirus that does not encode for a DNA Pol 3. M3: Influenza virus encodes for a PB2 protein that cannot cleave the 5'cap of host mRNA. 4. M4: HIV that does not encode for a function protease protein. 5. Poliovirus with a mutation in the RdRp gene which makes it non-functional 6. HBV that does not encode for a functional X protein

You have several mutant strains of virions. Describe the replication cycle and outcome for each mutant vir compared to the WT of the virus. 1. M1: Measles virus that does not package the viral transcriptase in the virion. 2. M2: Adenovirus that does not encode for a DNA Pol 3. M3: Influenza virus encodes for a PB2 protein that cannot cleave the 5'cap of host mRNA. 4. M4: HIV that does not encode for a function protease protein. 5. Poliovirus with a mutation in the RdRp gene which makes it non-functional 6. HBV that does not encode for a functional X protein

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter17: Bacterial And Viral Genetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9TYK

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Which of the following statements are correct for RNA viruses? Mark all that apply. A.Replication requires reverse transcriptase B. Uncoating must occur for the virus to be replicated C.The genome consists of two identical strands of ssRNA D.Replication requires RNA dependent RNA polymerase E. The viral DNA acts as a template for production of viral proteins F.Protease enzyme is required for biosynthesis and maturation of virions G. A provirus stage occurs during viral replication
17. Animal viruses: Describe the replication cycle of a retrovirus like HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus). You may draw or describe the cycle. Be sure include how HIV carries out the steps of replication/multiplication from attachment/adsorption through release.
All HPV are non-enveloped double stranded DNA viruses. Their genomes are circular and approximately 8 kilobase pairs in size. Most encode eight major proteins, 6 located in the “early” region and 2 in the “late” region. The “early” proteins are regulatory in function.... Can you please elaborate about the HPV genome in more detail that what I posted above? Thanks.
You are studying a new retrovirus. The viral protein (X) appears to play a role in the export of the viral genomes to the cytoplasm. Protein X brings viral DNA to the cytoplasm and returns back to the nucleus after genome export is complete. Researchers have developed a new drug for the virus. Following treatment with the new drug, the viral protein stays in the nucleus and cannot export the viral genomes. What is the most plausible and logical function of the drug? Use your knowledge of nuclear transport to answer this question. O A. The drug inhibits the binding of the viral protein and the viral genomes to the import receptor. B. The drug inhibits the binding of Ran-GTP to the nuclear export receptor in nucleus. C. The drug promotes the Ran GAP activity. D. The drug blocks the NLS on the viral protein.
RNA viruses need to regulate the switch from mRNA synthesis to genome replication. Describe three of the mechanisms RNA viruses use to switch from transcription to replication.
II. DNA Capsid- VIRUS HOST CELL Viral DNA mRNA ww Viral DNA Capsid proteins III. IV. Viral reproductive cycle In the figure, what enzyme is utilized to synthesize mRNA (arrow marked III)? 00000 Viral DNA polymerase Host cell DNA polymerase Reverse transcriptase Viral RNA polymerases Host cell RNA polymerase
Viruses with negative sense RNA genomes typically, make proteins by: (Ignore retroviruses, and the unusual characteristics of coronaviruses) Translation of short RNA transcripts generated by RDRP Generating a DNA copy, which is then transcribed by host RNA polymerase. Translation of the viral genome by host ribosomes. Production of a polyprotein, which must be cleaved into smaller proteins. Generating a negative sense genome copy, which is then translated by host ribosomes.
1. "One structural form used in building virus particles is based on the icosahedron. Describe, either in words or in a diagram, the organization (number of capsomers, etc.) of the simplest virus particle of this form. 2. If a virus has a negative‐sense RNA genome, what enzymatic activity (if any) will be found as part of the virion, and what will be the first step in expression of the viral genome?"
Arrange the following list into the correct sequence for part of the cycle of a retrovirus: 1. dsDNA integrated into host DNA 2.viral proteins synthesized on host ribosomes 3. viral DNA uses host enzymes to transcribe viral RNA 4. reverse transcriptase catalyzes synthesis of ssDNA 5. synthesis of second DNA strand (a) 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 (b) 5, 2, 3, 4, 1 (c) 4, 5, 1, 3, 2 (d) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 (e) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5
Some retroviruses that have a wide host range have been developed for use in treatment of diseases or syndromes. These viruses do not result in a productive infection because they lack critical genes for viral replication, but they do carry DNA sequences that allow them to be packaged into infectious particles. Once in the host cell the viral DNA is released and integrates into the cell's genome. The advantage to this strategy is that the delivery of the DNA is very efficient. What is one possible problem of using a virus that can integrate into the human nuclear genome? Multiple Choice The virus carries genes that will interfere with host cell activities. The viral DNA sequences could still cause a disease. Since the viral DNA sequences no longer contain essential genes for viral replication the host cell may not be able to replicate either. The integration could disrupt an essential gene or genes.
7. Cells produce mRNA by transcription of their DNA genomes. In contrast, single-stranded RNA genome viruses have three different strategies with respect to viral mRNA production. Briefly describe the production of mRNA for each of the following viruses. a. Poliovirus b. Vesicular stomatitis virus c. Rous sarcoma virus 8. Infection of a human with influenza virus can trigger both host defense systems: the interferon response and the immune response. In the table below, indicate with a “Yes" or a “No" regarding which of the events is characteristic of which defense system (either, both, or neither). The Interferon Immune Event The Response Response Both host and viral mRNA are degraded in the cell after infection. A fragment of viral protein in complex with major histocompatibility complex type I is displayed on the surface of the infected cell. The virally infected cell dies. Capped mRNA is no longer translated in the infected cell.
(i) Describe each way viruses may be classified. And Define each of the following parts of a virus, their composition/structure, and explain their role in the viral life cycle: a. Capsid b. Capsomere c. Nucleocapsid d. Envelope e. Spikes (typed format not handwritten) thanks