Which of the following is a/are true characteristic(s) of RNA? RNA is partially formed of deoxyribose molecules RNA can be partially formed of the nitrogenous base called uracil RNA is normally a single stranded molecule in the cell nucleus of eukaryotic cells B and C only None of the above are true

Which of the following is a/are true characteristic(s) of RNA? RNA is partially formed of deoxyribose molecules RNA can be partially formed of the nitrogenous base called uracil RNA is normally a single stranded molecule in the cell nucleus of eukaryotic cells B and C only None of the above are true

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter13: Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7TYU: Which of the following is/are not found in a bacterial mRNA molecule? (a) stop codon (b) upstream...

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Below which statement is correct? RNAS do not possess catalytic capabilities or modified nucleotides RNA adopts B form and Z form Each RNA has two antiparallel RNA strands RNA can form extensive intra-strand base pairing interactions that are not limited to Watson Crick base pairing RNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate RNA transcription
Which of the following is/are not found in a bacterial mRNA molecule? (a) stop codon (b) upstream leader sequences (c) downstream trailing sequences (d) start codon (e) promoter sequences
Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, tetracycline blocks the A site on the bacterial ribosome, and chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer. What specific effect would you expect each of these antibiotics to have on protein synthesis? Tetracycline would directly affect: tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chain Chloramphenicol would directly affect tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chain
The following segment of DNA codes for a protein. The uppercase letters represent exons. The lowercase letters represent introns. The lower strand is the template strand. Draw the primary transcript and the mRNA resulting from this DNA.
The genetic code is defined as a series of _______________ in _______________. (a) anticodons; tRNA (b) codons; DNA (c) anticodons; mRNA (d) codons; mRNA (e) codons and anticodons; rRNA
Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis Antibiotics are molecules produced by microorganisms as defense mechanisms. The most effective antibiotics work by interfering with essential biochemical or reproductive processes. Many antibiotics block or disrupt one or more stages in protein synthesis. Some of these are mentioned here. Tetracyclines are a family of chemically related compounds used to treat several types of bacterial infections. Tetracyclines interfere with the initiation of translation. The tetracycline molecule attaches to the small ribosomal subunit and prevents binding of the tRNA anticodon during initiation. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are sensitive to the action of tetracycline, but this antibiotic cannot pass through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Because tetracycline can enter bacterial cells to inhibit protein synthesis, it will stop bacterial growth, helping the immune system fight the infection. Streptomycin is used in hospitals to treat serious bacterial infections. It binds to the small ribosomal subunit but does not prevent initiation or elongation; however, it does affect the efficiency of protein synthesis. Binding of streptomycin changes the way mRNA codons interact with the tRNA. As a result, incorrect amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, producing nonfunctional proteins. In addition, streptomycin causes the ribosome to randomly fall off the mRNA, preventing the synthesis of complete proteins. Puromycin is not used clinically but has played an important role in studying the mechanism of protein synthesis in the research laboratory. The puromycin molecule is the same size and shape as a tRNA/amino acid complex. When puromycin enters the ribosome, it can be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain, stopping further synthesis because no peptide bond can be formed between puromycin and an amino acid, causing the shortened polypeptide to fall off the ribosome. Chloramphenicol was one of the first broadspectrum antibiotics introduced. Eukaryotic cells are resistant to its actions, and it was widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, its use is limited to external applications and serious infections. Chloramphenicol destroys cells in the bone marrow, the source of all blood cells. In bacteria, this antibiotic binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the formation of peptide bonds. Another antibiotic, erythromycin, also binds to the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA. Almost every step of protein synthesis can be inhibited by one antibiotic or another. Work on designing new synthetic antibiotics to fight infections is based on our knowledge of how the nucleotide sequence of mRNA is converted into the amino acid sequence of a protein. Questions Why is targeting protein synthesis an effective strategy for preventing infection?
Table 8.2: Transcription and translation of the first 7 codons in the B-globin chain of hemoglobin. Normal Sequence Mutated Sequence DNA DNA amino acid DNA DNA amino Codon MRNA Codon MRNA coding template strand coding template strand strand acid code code strand sequence sequence G 1 1 G G C 2 A 2 A 3 G G A A 4 4 C G A G G G G 7 A 7 A G G Shape of RBC Shape of RBC 23 3.
Select the correct statement(s) about transfer RNAs. Codon recognition occurs through specific base-pairing by the anticodon arm. Amino acids are linked to the T-loop. They are transcribed by RNA Polymerase III. There is strict matching requirements at the third position, else the tRNA cannot interact with the codon.
1)Which of these molecules is responsible for bringing the correct amino acid to the ribosome? RNA polymerase DNA None of these tRNA rRNA acetyl transferase mRNA
The following diagram represents one of the Christmas-tree-like structures shown in Figure On the diagram, identify parts a through i. Q. Molecules of RNA polymerase (use dots to represent these molecules)
Introns are Poly A tail to RNA Noncoding sections of RNA Ribonucleoproteins Coding sections of RNA
Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT: The aminoacyl tRNA synthetase charge the tRNA molecules with the correct amino acid The TRNA is loaded onto the ribosome and is read the nucleotides Proteins are synthesized from N- terminus to C-terminus O Anticodon located on a RNA molecules is responsible for identifying, processing, and packaging macromolecules. Golgi apprataus SER nucleus RER