Signaling can result in both fast and slow cellular responses. does the following statement describe a fast or slow cellular response? A signaling molecule binds to a GPCR, which activates a G-protein, the G-protein activates cAMP, which activates PKA, which turns on a transcriptoin factor, which goes on to affect gene expression Group of answer choices Fast Instantaneous Slow Intermediate

Signaling can result in both fast and slow cellular responses. does the following statement describe a fast or slow cellular response? A signaling molecule binds to a GPCR, which activates a G-protein, the G-protein activates cAMP, which activates PKA, which turns on a transcriptoin factor, which goes on to affect gene expression Group of answer choices Fast Instantaneous Slow Intermediate

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1VCQ: Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is...

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Compare and discuss intergrin and tyrosine kinase signaling pathway . Show the difference and similarities between them interns of receptor ligand binding, signal transduction, changes in gene expression and subsequent cellular responses
If a cell wants to directly affect transcription of genes by utilizing cell signaling which of the following molecules would a cell use in order to do this? O polar / charged signaling molecules steroid signaling molecules O protein signaling molecules O large hydrophilic signaling molecules
What is the main benefit of cell signaling via direct physical contact and cell signaling over short distqnces (ex.: nerve cell signaling)?
Which of the following could result in the continuous activation of a cell signalling pathway? A mutation resulting in the inactivation of a protein phosphatase. A mutation resulting in the inactivation of adenylyl cyclase that forms cAMP. A mutation resulting in a receptor tyrosine kinase being unable to form a dimer. A mutation resulting in a ligand gated ion channel being unable to open.
The G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway elicits diverse intracellular responses in different cells. The basic steps of GPCR signaling are outlined in this diagram. Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of GPCR signaling? The GPCR activation is reversible after the signal of the ligand diminishes. The membrane-embedded enzyme uses GTP as a secondary messenger to initiate gene expression. The ligand attaches to both the GPCR and the membrane-embedded enzyme to activate the GPCR pathway. The ligand-bound GPCR sends a GTP molecule to an enzyme in the membrane and switches it into an active state.
Working out the order in which the individual components in a signaling pathway act is an essential step in defining the pathway. Imagine that two protein kinases, PK1 and PK2, act sequentially in a kinase cascade. When either kinase is completely inactivated, cells do not respond to the normal extracellular signal. By contrast, cells containing a mutant form of PK1 that is permanently active respond even in the absence of an extracellular signal. Double mutant cells that contain inactivated PK2 and permanently active PK1 respond in the absence of a signal. Draw out the signaling pathway in a wild-type cell. What outcome is predicted for a double mutant cell with an activating mutation in PK2 and an inactivating mutation in PK1? Explain your reasoning
Intracellular signaling pathways provide multiple opportunities for the amplification of a response to an extracellular signal. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a True False
Illustrate a complete cell signaling cascade from signal to response. Each protein in the pathways must be shown. You can choose either a GPCR or an RTK mediated pathway.
Proteases are enzymes that destroy proteins. Application of these enzymes to an intact cell strips the proteins off the cell surface. If a specific signaling molecule is added to cells stripped of surface proteins and the cell still responds, what must be true of the signaling pathway? The receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel. The signaling molecule doesn't need a receptor. The signal can directly activate the second messenger system and does not need to activate the receptor. The receptor for this signal is inside the cell, and the signaling molecule is nonpolar and can diffuse into the cell.
A cell signaling molecule that triggers an effect only in the vicinity of the cell secreting is is an example of ?
Put the following steps for the outline of the growth factor signaling pathway in order: Map Kinase Kinase is Phosphorylated Proteins involved in gene transcription are activated Growth factor binds to its receptor in the cytoplasmic membrane Receptor recruits adaptor protein and GEF Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the receptor Structural change of the receptor activates Tyrosine Kinase Map Kinase Kinase Kinase is phosphorylated Ras, a small GTPase, is activated by the exchange of GTP for GDP Map Kinase is Phosphorylated Map Kinase enters the nucleus
Signaling within organisms can occur using action potentials (short-term signaling) and/or hormones (long-term signaling). Identify situations where each type of signaling would be better. Describe why having a long-term signaling system is beneficial to organisms (2-3 sentences).