Q: The results of new studies in population genetics that confirm a higher degree of genetic variation…
A: Africa is a country rich in genetic and linguistic diversity. The history of the genetic diversity…
Q: A gene in humans has two alleles, M and N, that code for different surface proteins on red blood…
A:
Q: How can negative traits that don't show up until old age continue in populations? (Why aren't they…
A: Genetic disorders are those disorders that are caused by a defective gene or a Negative Trait, that…
Q: Were any of your physical traits autapomorphic or synapomorphic when plotted on the gene trees?…
A: Apomorphy can be defined as the unique trait that is present in one or few specific taxon and its…
Q: Why do you think it is necessary for there to be variation in a population in order for evolution by…
A: Genetic variation is the diversity in gene frequencies. Genetic variation is the differences between…
Q: Natural selection is based on all of the following except individuals who survive longer tend…
A: Evolution is defined as the change in the genetic composition of a population during successive…
Q: When considering synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations within a population, which of the following…
A: Mutation is the alternation of DNA sequence that mainly occurs during the DNA replication process.…
Q: you (should have) learned that selection alone cannot purge a population of the very last copy of a…
A: The mechanisms that can get rid of the last deleterious allele are random mating and mutation.
Q: Deer mice are usually found in the woods and are dark brown in color. The deer mice that live in the…
A: Natural selection is the adaptation and alteration of populations of living organisms. Individuals…
Q: Which of the following changes or mutations can be acted upon by natural selection? For each choice,…
A: Charles Darwin is often considered the father of evolution theory as he gave the modern theory of…
Q: Which assumption of Hardy-Weinberg, when not met, effect the most evolutionary change? Why is it…
A: By reviewing the question, we need to answer tell Which assumption of Hardy-Weinberg, when not met,…
Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the four factors that contributes to evolution by producing and…
A: According to the Hardy Weinberg principle, the allele frequency and the genotypic frequency of…
Q: In order for a trait to evolve via natural selection, which of the following must be true regarding…
A: Natural selection is the adaptation and alteration of populations of living organisms. Individuals…
Q: Which of the evolutionary processes discussed in the material presented can introduce genetic…
A: Natural selection: it states that only those organisms who are fit according to the environmental…
Q: Which of the following is not one of the four factors that produce and redistribute variation? Group…
A: INTRODUCTION The four factors that produce and redistribute variation are genetic drift, mutation,…
Q: Which of the following changes or mutations can be acted upon by natural selection? For each choice,…
A: Evolution is the gradual accumulation of changes in organisms over a period of time. The theory of…
Q: What is the 50-500 rule? What does each of these numbers represent? With what mechanism of…
A: A population is a collection of individuals of the same species that live with each other in a…
Q: As you know chimpanzees in neighboring groups in the forest show 4-5 times as much genetic…
A: The theory that humans and African great apes share common ancestors was proposed by Charles Darwin…
Q: Why is genetic drift more significant in small populations? Why does it take longer for genetic…
A: Genes are the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. They carry coded genetic information…
Q: Modern evolutionary theory now shows exception to Charles Darwins' proposal that populations show…
A: False Darwin defined evolution as "descent with modification," the idea that species change over…
Q: Scientists are studying two populations of the same species of sea turtle. One population is quite…
A: A mutation refers to the sudden change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA. It can either happen…
Q: Some people think that many of our uniquely human traits arose by sexual selection. Over thousands…
A: Sexual selection is a kind of natural selection in which either males or females choose their…
Q: An allele with no effect on fitness arises in a population through mutation and increases in…
A: *Natural selection is process in which populations of living organisms will adapt and changes which…
Q: Imagine that genetic technology advances to the point where the genetic profile of an individual can…
A: Each and every live organism on earth contains gene, it may be DNA or RNA, or both. This gene…
Q: Which of the following is not true for natural selection to occur? a) there should be variation…
A: The theory of natural selection was given by British naturalist Charles Darwin in his book "On…
Q: How can we detect recent strong selection in the human genome? Explain using the recent positive…
A:
Q: How can negative traits that don't show up until old age continue in populations? (Why aren't they…
A: Natural selection is the process through which individuals with various phenotypes survive and…
Q: The Amish community in Eastern Pennsylvania stemmed from a small closed population of around 200…
A: The bottleneck effect is an evolutionary phenomenon where a population reduces significantly to a…
Q: First, in no more than two sentences, explain Natural Selection (use your own words).
A: Hello you have multiple questions so we will be able to answer only first question. For rest of the…
Q: Of all the evolutionary mechanisms known, only one is non-random: Group of answer choices genetic…
A: Introduction The Process By Which New Life Forms Emerge Organically Over Extended Periods Of Time Is…
Q: Which of the following represent examples of biocultural evolution? Select all that apply. Group of…
A: Biocultural evolution Evolution is defined as the change in the characteristics in biopopulations…
Q: Deer mice are usually found in the woods and are dark brown in color. The deer mice that live in the…
A: Selection is the process by which various factors determine the reproductive fitness of a population…
Q: Founder effects are most prominent in geographically, culturally or religiously isolated populations…
A: True The founder effect is the reduction in genetic variation that results when a small subset of a…
Q: Which of the following statements about evolution by genetic drift is correct? -The many…
A: Genetic drift is a condition that occurs in a finite population. Due to the prevalence of chance in…
Q: The culturally constructed concept of “race” holds little value in scientific biological contexts…
A:
Q: Which of the following statements is NOT an observation or inference on which natural selection is…
A: The following statements is NOT an observation or inference on which natural selection is based -…
Q: A small population of wood rats boarded a ship leaving Europe and ended up in South America where…
A: Answer. Natural selection: is a process by which the forms of organisms in a population that are…
Q: The inhabitants of the island Tristan de Cunha all descended from one indigenous family and a few…
A: The number of living organisms of a particular species or group dwelling in a specific geographical…
Q: Which of the following has been favored by natural selection for populations living near the equator…
A:
Q: Why do traits have to be heritable in order for evolution by natural selection t
A: Traits are genetically determined characteristics precisely phenotypic characteristics. Natural…
Q: Evolution determines the change in inherited traits over time to ensure survival. There are three…
A: According to this question, they are asking for the population percentage at 0 years. And they have…
Q: Which of the below is NOT a component of natural selection? Group of answer choices Differential…
A: Evolution is defined as the change in trait of species over a period of time. It is a long term…
Q: Imagine you were trying to test whether a population of flowers is undergoing evolution. In a field,…
A: We will be using the Hardy-Weinberg formula to calculate the allele frequency of flowers.If Blue…
Q: As an experiment, Dr. Charles Someone released bunnies on an island where there were no natural…
A: The development of heat resistant bunnie was more assumed but the growth of heat succeptible bunnie…
Q: Siberian tigers are the largest of all tiger species because only the largest individual are able to…
A: Siberian tigers are among the largest on earth. They have to survive under extreme cold conditions…
Q: You discover that there are 4 alleles for the “w” gene that determines wing shape in flies. Is this…
A: Hardy-Weinberg principle states that in a population, the allelic frequency of all the gene pool is…
Q: Which of the following is the hypothesis that individuals who possess favorable traits are more…
A: Introduction: According to the definition of evolution, species change over time, give rise to new…
Q: All of the following are causes for evolutionary concern in small populations, EXCEPT: a.…
A: Answer : Option B is correct : Natural selection can be overwhelmed by drift, and thus cannot…
Q: Which of the following comparisons of relative fitness for the M locus would most likely result in…
A: Option B is the correct answer. i.e. w(MM) < w(Mm) > w(mm)
Q: In a population, with time the frequency of some alleles/genotypes decreases" describes... Group of…
A: Evolution is defined as the change in characteristics of an organism over a period of time.
Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
- Why might some light-skinned populations, such as the Japanese, be missing the F374 allele for lighter skin pigmentation? (Hint: Consider the various forces of evolution that may be at play.)
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- What do you notice is similar about the distribution of the HERC2 variant for blue eyes and the F374 allele for lighter skin pigmentation? Based on what you know about skin color and human variation, what evolutionary circumstances might have caused this distribution of the blue-eye variant?Identify each of the following as an example of allele, genotype, and/or phenotype frequency: A. Approximately 1 in 2500 people of Northern European descent is born with cystic fibrosis. B. The percentage of carriers of the sickle cell allele in West Africa is approximately 13%. C. The number of new mutations for achondroplasia, a genetic disorder, is approximately 5 × 10–5.The MC1R gene affects skin and hair color in humans.There are at least 13 polymorphisms of the gene inEuropean and Asian populations, 10 of which are nonsynonymous. In Africans, there are at least 5 polymorphisms of the gene, none of which are nonsynonymous.What might be one explanation for the differences inMC1R variation between Africans and non-Africans?
- The agouti gene determines coat colour in mice. Heterozygous mice have yellow coats, while homozygous dominant mice have black coats. However, having two copies of the recessive alleles is lethal. In a population of 2 000 mice, 1 082 mice have black coats. a) Calculate the frequency of each allele. Show all your work and express your answer as a value between 0 and 1 rounded to two decimal places. b) What percentage of the mouse population is expected to be carriers of the lethal allele? Show all your work and express your answer rounded to one decimal place. c) How many mice will die during fetal development? Show all your work and round your answer to the closest whole number.Why might some light-skinned populations, such as the Japanese, be missing the F374 allele for lighter skin pigmentation?In domestic cats, the allele for short hair (L) is dominant and the allele for long hair (I) is recessive. You are studying a population of cats found on Iwato Island and have determined that the frequency of the recessive long hair allele is q = 0.3. A) What is the frequency of the dominant allele for short hair? p = B) What is the predicted percentage of cats who have heterozygous genotypes? • C) What predicted percentage of cats on this island will have long hair phenotypes? • D) Describe one condition that could change the allele frequencies (the values of p and q) in a population.
- Steven Frank and Laurence Hurst argued that a cytoplasmically inherited mutation in humans that has severe effects in males but no effect in females will not be eliminated from a population by natural selection because only females pass on mtDNA (S. A. Frank and L. D. Hurst. 1996. Nature 383:224). Using this argument, explain why males with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy are more severely affected than females.A curious polymorphism in human populations has to do with the ability to curl up the sides of the tongue to make a trough (“tongue rolling”). Some people can do this trick, and others simply cannot. Hence, it is an example of a dimorphism. Its significance is a complete mystery. In one family, a boy was unable to roll his tongue but, to his great chagrin, his sister could. Furthermore, both his parents were rollers, and so were both grandfathers, one paternal uncle, and one paternal aunt. One paternal aunt, one paternal uncle, and one maternal uncle could not roll their tongues.a. Draw the pedigree for this family, defining your symbols clearly, and deduce the genotypes of as many individual members as possible.b. The pedigree that you drew is typical of the inheritance of tongue rolling and led geneticists to come up with the inheritance mechanism that no doubt you came up with. However, in a study of 33 pairs of identical twins, both members of 18 pairs could roll, neither member…Green dragons are known by Knights of the Realm to be cleverer and thus more dangerous than both red and brown dragons. Molecular evolutionary alchemists working for the king have determined that a gene called FIZBAN has an average dN/dS (nonsynonymous rate/synonymous rate) ratio of 1.06 in green dragons, compared to 0.66 and 0.44 in red and brown dragons, respectively. What type of selection is this gene under in each dragon species? What type of trait might this gene contribute to? Give an evolutionary history of this gene in green dragons, including principles of population genetics in your answer.
- What evolutionary factors can cause allele frequencies to change and possibly lead to a genetic polymorphism? Discuss the relative importance of each type of process.Identify each of the following as an example of allele, genotype,and/or phenotype frequency:A. Approximately 1 in 2500 individuals of Northern Europeandescent is born with cystic fibrosis.B. The percentage of carriers of the sickle cell allele in WestAfrica is approximately 13%.C. The number of new mutations per generation resultingin achondroplasia, a genetic disorder, is approximately5 × 10−5.Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the MN blood group locus (see Question 2 for a description of the MN blood group) in a small human population. You find that for 1-year-old children, the genotypic frequencies are MM = 0.25, MN = 0.5, and NN = 0.25, whereas the genotypic frequencies for adults are MM = 0.3, MN = 0.4, and NN = 0.3. a. Compute the M and N allele frequencies for 1-year-olds and adults. b. Are the allele frequencies in equilibrium in this population? c. Are the genotypic frequencies in equilibrium?