Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 9QP
Using the Hardy–Weinberg Law in Human Genetics
Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the MN blood group locus (see Question 2 for a description of the MN blood group) in a small human population. You find that for 1-year-old children, the genotypic frequencies are MM = 0.25, MN = 0.5, and NN = 0.25, whereas the genotypic frequencies for adults are MM = 0.3, MN = 0.4, and NN = 0.3.
- a. Compute the M and N allele frequencies for 1-year-olds and adults.
- b. Are the allele frequencies in equilibrium in this population?
- c. Are the genotypic frequencies in equilibrium?
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Suppose there is an autosomal locus of 2 alleles, A1 and A2, with probabilities (frequencies) p1 and p2, and the genotype probabilities (frequencies) are P(A1A1) = p1*p1, P(A1A2) = 2*p1*p2, and P(A2A2) = p2*p2, respectively. Prove the Hardy-Weinberg Law, i.e., after one generation of random mating, the genotype probabilities (frequencies) in the offspring are also P(A1A1) = p1*p1, P(A1A2) = 2*p1*p2, and P(A2A2) = p2*p2. Hint: List all possible combinations of random mating. Then list the probabilities of the resulting genotype probabilities (frequencies) in the offspring. Combine the probabilities of random mating and resulting genotype probabilities (frequencies) in the offspring.
Consider the MN blood system in humans. This blood system consists of only two alleles, M and N, and they are codominant to each other. Three genotypes are possible, and these genotypes can be easily identified through simple blood typing procedures, including the heterozygous MN due to the codominant mode of inheritance. Consider the following data:
Phenotype
Genotype
Number of individuals
M
MM
89
MN
MN
162
N
NN
79
1. How many alleles exist in this population?
2. What is the genotypic frequency of the M blood type in the population?
3. What is the allelic frequency of M?
4. What is the allelic frequency of N?
5. What is the genotypic frequency of MN?
Write your answers directly. You do not need to show your solution.
Example
3.5.7
Fish Vertebrae Consider the distribution of vertebrae given in Table 3.5.1. In Exam-
ple 3.5.5 we found that the mean of Y is µy = 21.49. The variance of Y is
VAR(Y) = of = (20 – 21.49) x Pr{Y = 20}
21)
%3D
+ (21 – 21.49)? x Pr{Y
+ (22 – 21.49)? x Pr{Y = 22}
+ (23 – 21.49) x Pr{Y = 23}
= (-1.49) x 0.03 + (-.49) x 0.51
+ (0.51) x 0.40 + (1.51)² × 0.06
= 2.2201 x 0.03 + .2401 x 0.51 + .2601 x 0.40 + 2.2801 x 0.06
= 0.066603 + 0.122451 + 0.10404 + 0.136806
= 0.4299.
The standard deviation of Y is ay = V0.4299 - 0.6557.
%3D
Chapter 19 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 19.8 - Why dont genetic markers on the Y chromosome...Ch. 19.8 - Prob. 2GRCh. 19 - If you suspected that heterozygous carriers of a...Ch. 19 - If allele frequencies in the hemoglobin gene are...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1QPCh. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4QPCh. 19 - Prob. 5QPCh. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...
Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10QPCh. 19 - Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics In a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17QPCh. 19 - Prob. 18QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Natural Selection Affects the Frequency of Genetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 21QPCh. 19 - Prob. 22QPCh. 19 - The Evolutionary History and Spread of Our Species...Ch. 19 - Prob. 24QPCh. 19 - Genomics and Human Evolution The Denisovan genome...
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