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- 1. Differentiate the vertebrates by their features.1. Identify traits that characterize all animals. 2. State one way that animal cells differ from the cells of plants and fungi. What is the significance of this difference? 3. State how the phylum Chordata differs from other animal phyla. 4. List three traits that evolved in invertebrate animals. 5. Describe the range of variation in the nervous systems of invertebrates. 6. Distinguish among asymmetry, radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry.1. Describe evidence showing that echinoderms are more closely related to chordates than are other invertebrate phyla.
- 15. On the tree below, mark the place or places that three tissue layers have evolved in animals. Tissue Lineage Layers Porifera N/A Cnidaria 2. Platyhelminthes 3. Rotifera 3. Annelida 3. Mollusca Nematoda 3 Arthropoda Echinodermata 3. Chordata Is the possession of three tissue layers homologous or convergent among animals?1.What evidences links echinoderms , hemichordates and chordates to the same evolutionary lineage?1. Draw and describe metamorphosis in amphibians. Describe it thoroughly and do not just copy form somewhere, please.
- 10. What are the problems that vertebrates needed to solve to adapt to the terrestrial environment since they came from the aquatic habitat? How does evolution solved those problems?Describe the following general characteristics can be used to distinguish among Animal phyla: a. Embryonic germ layers b. Digestive system c. Presence/absence of body cavity (coelom) d. Skeletal support1. What would be the effects if metamerism is absent in annelids? 2. Account for the variety of environment occupied by annelids and relate them to their morphological and physiological adaptations.
- 10.Create a phylogenetic tree that shows the evolution of the Vertebrate Appendicular System1. Compare and contrast the efficiency of the different organ systems and adaptations between cnidarians and ctenophorans. Which is more efficient overall and why? 2. What are the major adaptations and characteristics present in free-living flatworms that are absent in their parasitic counterparts? Discuss how these characteristics support their lifestyles.1. While the earthworms are not moving, can you see any distinguishing feature in the body segments that may enable to identify the anterior from the posterior?