Glucose transporter (GLUT) isoforms move glucose in and out of the cell GLUTS respond to the glucose equilibrium concentrations. Use your knowledge of enzyme catalysis and kinetics to predict which of the following correctly rank the steps in glucose transport by GLUT1? 1. Glucose binding results in a conformational change, opening the binding site on the opposite side of the membrane 11. Glucose binds to the transporter on one side of the membrane Ill. The transporter reverts to initial conformation V. The glucose disassociates OAI, I, IV, II OB. 1,1, I, IV OCNI ODII, IV, II OENIBI
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- Pls send solution fast within 10 minutes and i will give like for sure Solution must be in typed form Calcium ions bind to the SERCA Ca2+ -ATPase, which has two identical calcium sites, in two stages with apparent equilibrium constants K1=7×105M−1 and K2=2×106M−1 . a.) Calculate K. Note: K is not 0.1*1013 or 14*1011 or 1*1012. b.) Calculate τ.Many types of cells are able to use membrane-spanning transport proteins and a source of energy to drive the active transport of glucose across the cell membrane. Leť's consider a specific protein that is able to transport (from outside the cell into the cytoplasm) one molecule of glucose for each molecule of ATP the protein hydrolyzes. The details of this process are not important for this problem except that you can treat it like equilibrium process. The overall reaction and the associated AG at 298 K for this process are given below. Glc(out) + ATP + H20 = Glc(in) + ADP + P at T = 298 K, AG = -31.3 kJ mol-1 Additional Information: • P. is "inorganic phosphate" (i.e. PO4²- & related species). At equilibrium, [P] = 3 x 10-3 M. • The cell maintains a ratio of ATP to ADP of about 20 (i.e. [ATP]/[ADP] = 20). • The maximum ratio of [Glc(in)] to [Glc(out)] occurs when the system is at equilibrium. a) Write an expression for the equilibrium constant for this process. b) Your expression for…Transport kinetics through protein transporters can be described using the language of Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The transported substance binding to its protein transporter is analogous to the substrate binding to its enzyme. Thus, KM and vmax values can be determined for protein transporters. a. Use the line graph to estimate KM and vmax values for glucose uptake max by pericytes in the presence and absence of sodium ions. Show your work! b. What do these values tell you about the binding of glucose in pericytes? Specifically, have the investigators demonstrated convincingly that an SGLT exists in pericytes? In endothelial cells? Use evidence from any of the preceding questions to support your answers.
- A transmembrane protein helps catalyze the transport of solute A from the INSIDE TO the OUTSIDE of a cell. The reaction can be represented by the reaction coordinate diagram below. It is possible to conclude that the concentration of A on the outside of the cell is than its concentration on the inside AND that it is_ to expect that the protein will at some point form a continuous path between th cytosol and the extracellular environment. A inside A outside reaction coordinate O lower; reasonable O higher; unreasonable O higher; reasonable free energyKt of glucose for GLUT1=3 mM, GLUT2=17 mM, GLUT 3=1.3 mM, and GLUT11=0.3 mM. Sketch a graph with [glucose] on the x-axis and rate of transport on the y-axis. Sketch a line for each GLUT transporter above. Which of these GLUT transporters will be working at its maximum rate at [glucose]=5 mM? Which of these GLUT transporters will be working closest to ½ Vmaxwhen [glucose]=5 mM? What will be the approximate rate of glucose transport for each of these transporters if [glucose]=17 mM?Many bacterial cells contain an ATP dependent H* transporter that pushes H* out of the cells. The ATP dependent H* pump hydrolyzes 1 ATP to ADP + P; each cycle. Assume that these cells maintain a cytosolic concentration of H* at 10 µM and that the exterior concentration is held at 1.50 mM, while have a resting membrane potential of -60.0 mV (defined for transport into the cytosol), and operate at 25 °C. What is the AGT (total free energy of transport) available to conduct work using the established H* gradient? -12.4 kJ/mol -6.6 kJ/mol -23.9 kJ/mol -18.2 kJ/mol
- V-class proton pumps run backward relative to the F-class ATP synthase. Consider the cartoon, which shows the conformations of the beta-subunits and ATPIADP + Pj of the F-class synthase. Which of the following associations between the conformation of the beta subunit and ATP/ADP + P¡ is correct for V- Binding Change Mechanism loose binding ADP+P ATP ATP class pumps? C repeat ADP + P, ADP АТР tight binding АТР +P оpen АТР O The open conformation releases ATP. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + P¡ drives the change from tight to loose. O Binding of ADP + P¡ drives change from open to loose. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pj drives the change from open to loose.Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na+– glucose symporter. Recall that the Na+ concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na+ ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Na+ concentration outside the cell ([Na+]out) is 163 mM and that inside the cell ([Na+]in) is 21.0 mM, and the cell potential is −54.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C.Time le The net negative charge of the heteropolysaccharide chain in proteoglycans causes: Select one: a. Secretion of proteoglycans to extracellular matrix. b. The "slippery" nature of mucus. O c. Targeting of proteoglycans to lysosomes for degradation O d. Specific attachment of the sugar chains to serine residue Clear my choice One of the following functions is not of Nitric Oxide: Select one: a. mediates muscular contractions O b. prevents platelets formation O c. mediates bactericidal actions of macrophages O d. function as neurotransmitter Clear my choice
- .Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate con- centration is about 10 mM. If ADP is five times more abundant than AMP, calculate the molar concentrations of ADP and AMP at an energy charge of 0.85. Calculate AG for ATP hydrolysis at 37 °C under these conditions. The energy charge is the concentration of ATP plus half the concentration of ADP divided by the total adenine nucleotide concentration: [ATP] + 1/2[ADP] [ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Na-glucose symporter. Recall that the Na* concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill" transport of two Na* ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell. If the Nat concentration outside the cell ([Na lout) is 141 mM and that inside the cell ([Na* lin) is 19.0 mM, and the cell potential is -52.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell. Assume the temperature is 37 °C. AGglac 9.63 Incorrect kJ mol What is the maximum ratio of [glucose), to [glucose)out that could theoretically be produced if the energy coupling were 100% efficient? O 2700 1.13 3.7 x 10- 7.90The enzyme mutase which is important for the synthetic of tyrosine and phenylalanine in saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied as an example of an allosteric enzyme. Tyrosine acts as a negative effector for this enzyme. What effects would you see on the action of the enzyme were you to increase the concentration of tyrosine? The chorismate mutase would shift to its R conformation The curve showing the kinetics or chorismate mutase would shift to the right The curve showing the kinetics of chorismate mutase would shift to the left The chorismate mutase would become saturated more rapidly