A photobioreactor (PBR) system is used to sequester CO₂ from a small boiler operating at 20 kWth, fired with natural gas and with a capacity factor of 25%. Assuming that the microalgae can grow at 2 g/L-day over 365 days per year and utilize the emitted carbon, calculate the total reactor volume that is needed to sequester 100% of the CO₂ emissions per year. Briefly comment on your answer and potential problems of this CCS method.
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- Combining BioEnergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) offers theprospect of energy supply with large-scale net negative emissions and in most of the lower RCPs is required to stay below 2 degrees of global warming. But this entails challenges and risks associated with the upstream large-scale provision of the biomass that is used in the CCS facility as well as those associated with the CCS technology itself. In no morethan 1 page (excluding diagrams) discuss the potential role of BECCS in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions from conventional fossil fuel power stations and what issues or barriers need to be addressed to enable this. Some of the points to be addressed include:i. To what extent the technology has been proven at an appropriate scale.ii. What incentives (e.g. what level of carbon price) would be needed to drive the investment needed.(b) (c) Explain the biological requirements for microalgal growth and the main system components for a microalgal processing plant to produce biofuel. How is the system design dependent on its geographical location? A continuous microalgal production system is being developed using a raceway design to produce biofuel from CO2 sequestration. Calculate the area of the raceway (m²) to sequester 2000 tons of CO₂ per year if the growth rate is 75mg/L-day and estimate the amount of biofuel that could be produced. Clearly state any assumptions that you make.Explain THREE (3) reasons why photosynthetic rate is reduced under water deficit.
- An activated sludge system operates at a flow rate (Q) of 400 m³/day (and an HRT of 0.129 day) with an incoming BOD (So) of 300 mg/L. Through pilot plant work, the kinetic constants for this system are determined to be Y = 0.5 kg SS/kg BOD, Ks = 200 mg/L, and 2/day. What mixed liquor concentration is necessary to attain a 95% BOD removal? What will the corresponding MCRT be? =For scenario 2, below write the following 1.the process that the sets of measurements represent. 2.suitable equations of the process. 3.the calculated rates and 4.the resulting units for the process as expressed by your calculation. Scenario 2 Time,0 minutes:7.13mg/L O2 Time,20 minutes:13.39mg/L O2 Algal biomass:2.3g fresh massOn a maize farm in Ethiopia, the insolation energy is 5,654,875 calories/m^2/day. The gross productivity of the rice is 0.02742g/cm^2/day, and 35% of the energy is lost due to respiration. There are 4000 calories in 1 gram of maize. Calculate the net primary productivity of the maize and the efficiency of photosynthesis of maize. Show work below.
- Consider the experimental data obtained from a discontinuous alcoholic fermentation reactor shown in the table on the side, where S is the glucose concentration in the culture broth and µx is the specific growth rate of the biomass.(a)Does this bioprocess follow Monod's model?(b) What is the maximum specific growth rate?(c) What value of glucose concentration gives a specific growth rate equal to 50% of the maximum?Why is an isotonic buffered extraction medium used to isolate the chloroplasts? 1.To gently lyse the chloroplasts, leaving the electron transport membranes intact, whilst allowing DCPIP access 2.To maintain a constant acidic pH and favourable hyper-osmotic conditions, to ensure that the chloroplasts remained intact and functional during extraction 3.To gently separate the chloroplasts from each other, leaving the electron transport membranes intact, whilst allowing DCPIP access 4.To maintain a constant physiological pH and favourable iso-osmotic conditions, to ensure that the chloroplasts remained intact and functional during extraction.Which of the following formulas are correct regarding productivity? (recall; GPP gross primary production, NPP = net primary production, & R = respiration) Mark only one oval. OA) GPP+R=NPP OB) GPP-R=NPP C) NPP-GPP=R D) NPP-R=GPP Plants assimilate energy through the process of which? Mark only one oval. A) decomposition. B) respiration. C) photosynthesis. V D) regeneration. Net primary productivity in an ecosystem increases as mean annual temperature... Mark only one oval. OA) and mean annual rainfall decrease. B) decreases and mean annual rainfall increases. C) increases and mean annual rainfall decreases. D) and mean annual rainfall increases. G
- What is the published generation time (otherwise known as doubling time) for Escherichia coli? How does the documented time compare to the generation time you calculated from your growth curve with this organism? If significantly different, what factors might have contributed to the difference?Identify which type of plant is suitable to produce the Biogas at constant pressure? Discuss its working operation?The following data were collected from the light-dark bottle incubation experiment for photosynthesis and respiration measurements of a 2-m deep column of water body. The incubation experiment was conducted during the 6.5-hour period from dawn to noon. Please calculate the net photosynthesis (NP), gross photosynthesis (GP), and respiration (R) per square meter of this body of water during a 24-hour day period. Show your calculation process. bottle Dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/L) initial bottle 4.02 light bottle 6.75 dark bottle 2.98