GluconeogenesisQ3.4 Considering that gluconeogenesisrequires a net input of 4 ATPequivalents compared to glycolysis, why would a cell utilize this pathway,ie., what is the metabolic advantage of this pathway?

Gluconeogenesis is the process of formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as…

Answered: Gluconeogenesis Q3.4 - Considering that…

Biology 2e

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ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter7: Cellular Respiration

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 19CTQ: Nearly all organisms on Earth carry out some form of glycolysis. How does this fact support or not...

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P3D.2 In biological cells, the energy released by the oxidation of foods is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP or ATP“).The essence of ATP's action is its ability to lose its terminal phosphate group by hydrolysis and to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP or ADP): ATP* (aq) + H,O() → ADP* (aq) + HPO (aq) + H,O*(aq) At pH = 7.0 and 37°C (310K, blood temperature) the enthalpy and Gibbs energy of hydrolysis are A,H =-20kJ mol and A,G=-31 kJ mol", respectively. Under these conditions, the hydrolysis of 1 mol ATP“(aq) results in the extraction of up to 31kJ of energy that can be used to do non- expansion work, such as the synthesis of proteins from amino acids, muscular contraction, and the activation of neuronal circuits in our brains. (a) Calculate and account for the sign of the entropy of hydrolysis of ATP at pH = 7.0 and 310K. (b) Suppose that the radius of a typical biological cell is 10µm and that inside it 1x 10ʻ ATP molecules are hydrolysed each second. What is the power density of…
Is aerobic respiration more or less efficient than glycolysis? Explain your answer.
MATHEMATICAL What yield of ATP can be expected from complete oxidation of each of the following substrates by the reactions of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation? (a) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (b) Glucose (c) Phosphoenolpyruvate (d) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (e) NADH (f) Pyruvate
Do you think that the Ea for ATP hydrolysis is relatively low or high? Explain your reasoning.
How does citrate from the citric acid cycle affect glycolysis?
ACTIVITY 10.10 Show the first cycle of beta-oxidation of stearic acid. How any ATPS will be generated from the complete oxidation of this fatty acid?
Metabolic regulation (Ch. 15) 1. The Vmax of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase from skeletal muscle is much greater than the Vmax of the same enzyme from liver tissue. (a) What is the physiological function of glycogen phosphorylase in skeletal muscle? In liver tissue? (b) Why does the Vmax of the muscle enzyme need to be larger than that of the liver enzyme?
ACTIVITY 10.6.2 Provide what is being asked. 1. A patient has an inborn mutation causing the inability to produce succinate dehydrogenase required for the oxidation of FADH2. Will this person still produce ATP? Explain your answer. 2 Mutations in the genes that encode certain mitochondrial proteins are associated with a high incidence of some type of cancer. How might defective mitochondria lead to cancer? 3. How is cytochrome c related to apoptosis? 4. Fill in the table below Pathway Number of ATP produced from one glucose molecule Number of H carriers produced from one glucose molecule NADH FADH2 Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Total ATP Produced
a- During intense exercise the transformation glucose to lactate causes very less ATP production compared to aerobic glycolysis. Explain, does anaerobic glycolysis lead to waste of energy in muscle? b-Glycogen phosphorylase enzyme catalyzes the removal of glucose from glycogen. Describe, glycogen metabolism regulation through glycogen phosphorylase.
Consider decosanoic acid C12H43CO2H SUB PART TO BE SOLVED How many cycles of beta-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid? Show the complete computation. How many moles of ATP per gram of fatty acid is formed from the complete catabolism of the given fatty acid? What is the molar mass of the given fatty acid? Solution: Show here the complete computations, [from 1 to 4]
16whe Which statement is TRUE for the reciprocal regulation of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) and fructose I, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase- 1)? FBPase-2 degrades fructose 2, 6-bisphospate and speeds up glycolysis. PFK-2 degrades fructose 2, 6-bisphospate and speeds up glycolysis. Fructose 2, 6-bisphospate inhibits FBPase-1 and activates PFK-1. Fructose 2, 6-bisphospate inhibits PFK-1 and activates FBPase-1.
Many cancer cells preferentially perform aerobic glycolysis Proliferative tissue 5. Tumor without relying on oxidative phosphorylation to generate energy, a pro- cess known as the "Warburg effect". While less efficient at generating ATP, it has been proposed that the Warburg effect promotes prolifera- tion by generating an abundance of glycolytic intermediates that serve as precursors for other anabolic processes to generate biomass. One consequence of the Warburg effect is that cancer cells that are not bathed in a constant source of fresh glucose – such as cells in a solid tumor that are far from any capillaries (e.g., non-small cell (NSC) lung cancer) – often run out of glucose and activate gluconeogenesis. In this situation, the lactate generated by anerobic glycolysis is converted back to pyruvate to begin gluconeogenesis. or +/-02 Glucose Pyruvate 5% 85% Lactate CO2 (a) matic steps. Beginning with pyruvate, write with words the reaction for the first step, including the name of…

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Gluconeogenesis Q3.4 - Considering that gluconeogenesis requires a net input of 4 ATP equivalents compared to glycolysis, why would a cell utilize this pathway, ie., what is the metabolic advantage of this pathway?