Although each cell in your body contains the same set of genes, the genes that are “turned on” differ depending on the type of cell. What signals different genes to be “turned on” or transcribed in different cells? What types of behaviours or environmental circumstances can lead to changes in an individual’s epigenome? Explain. 3. Explain how changes in your epigenome can alter the DNA of your future children before they are even born. 4.) Explain TWO implications of these findings for society. (Hint: think big! Implications for how disease is transmitted, intergenerational trauma, the cycle of poverty, etc.)

Although each cell in your body contains the same set of genes, the genes that are “turned on” differ depending on the type of cell. What signals different genes to be “turned on” or transcribed in different cells? What types of behaviours or environmental circumstances can lead to changes in an individual’s epigenome? Explain. 3. Explain how changes in your epigenome can alter the DNA of your future children before they are even born. 4.) Explain TWO implications of these findings for society. (Hint: think big! Implications for how disease is transmitted, intergenerational trauma, the cycle of poverty, etc.)

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter9: Molecular Biology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10RQ: Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)? a. only the transcriptional...

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2.) What types of behaviours or environmental circumstances can lead to changes in an individual’s epigenome? Explain.
Since all cells contain the same number of chromosomes and the overall same/similar genome how would the genome in a nerve cell work differently than the genome of a muscle cell? In other words what epigenetic processes cause these differences between cell types at the molecular level
The following is true about epigenetic gene control: O epigenetic changes to the chromatin may result from childhood development epigenetic changes to the chromatin may result from chemicals in the environment O epigenetic changes to the chromatin may result in cancer O An example of a chromatin change is DNA methylation that prevents gene expression from that area of the DNA
In your own words, explain epigenetics. What is it? What are the main epigenetic marks? What do they do in terms of gene transcription? What are the enzymes involved?
Match the following changes with the correct responses. (Some answers may be used more than once. Some answers may not be used.) Deacetylation of histones Methylation of cytosines a single nucleotide polymorphism, where adenine may be present instead of cytosine phosphorylation of cytosines is an epigenetic change that is an epigenetic change that [Choose ] is an epigenetic change that results in decreased gene transcription is not an epigenetic change ✓ is an epigenetic change that results in increased gene transcription is an epigenetic change that could either increase or decrease gene transcription
Epigenesis relating to genetics refers to which of the following A. Genetic information is limited to what we inherit only from our biological parents. B. Genes are not influenced by environmental factors. C. Genes we inherit are fully expressed at birth. D. Genes are turned on or off as needed, by the developing body or environmental triggers, across the life-span
The use of embryonic stem cells has been proposed for replacing cells that are destroyed by disease or injury. Because of ethical concerns about creating and destroying embryos to produce embryonic stem cells, researchers have attempted to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this chapter, we discussed studies showing that iPSCs retain some epigenetic marks from the differentiated adult cells from which they were derived. What implications might this research have for attempts to use iPSCs to regrow cells and tissues?
The study of Epigenetics includes which of the following? (Choose all that apply) 1.The vertical transmission of histone modifications 2.The vertical transmission of genetic mutations 3.How Histone acetylation affects gene transcription 4.How DNA methylation impacts chromatin structure 5.How genetic mutations impact gene transcription 6.The horizontal transmission of genes
Define Epigenetic changes. Are epigenetic changes the same thing as mutations? Explain why or why not.
A patient comes into your clinic exhibiting generic cancer symptoms. In order to help form a diagnosis, you ask about patient history and they tell you that they worked for years in an agricultural job, primarily in handling food for large bovine animals and then later working with insect pesticide treatment of grain fields. You decide to test for elevated levels of the environmental agent(s) in their body and focus your cancer diagnosis on based on the established associations of epigentic effects and cancer. O nickel and cadmium; stomach and skin cancer O benzene; breast, prostate and thyroid cancer O polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene; lung, breast, stomach and skin cancer O arsenic and endocrine disruptors; skin, bladder, liver and kidney cancer
Epigenetics is a HUGE new field in understanding health factors that are transmitted from generation to generation beyond simple genetic inheritance. For example: epigenetic factors contribute to the onset of disease by triggering underlying genetic information. What do you think about that?
Your friend sends you two cancerous cell lines to examine and determine possible mutations. The results are shown below: Cell Line Mutation WT none (wild type DNA) 1 a deletion at the same region on both copies of chromosome 4 a point mutation in a gene on only one copy of chromosome 7 You learn that cell line 2 is a breast cancer cell line that expresses a mutant version of a receptor protein called KIT. Based on this data, which of the following is true ? Select all that apply Activation of KIT promotes progression through the cell cycle V Activation of KIT releases an inhibition of a cyclin Activation of KIT causes cells to enter GO V Activation of KIT promotes cells to undergo apoptosis