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Although amphetamines improve performance in fatigued individuals, they might not have this effect on motivated subjects. Why?
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- What happens to an agonist's efficacy ("maximum effect") and potency (potency) in the presence of a reversible, competitive antagonist? Select an option: a.NothingEfficacy is unchanged, power is increased b.Efficacy is decreasing, power is unchanged c.Efficacy is increasing, power is unchanged d.Efficacy is unchanged, power is decreasingAtypical antipsychotics, such as Clozapine, have a greater ability to inhibit serotonin receptors than dopamine receptors. True FalseMethamphetamine “highs” often are accompanied by behavioral changes that resemble schizophrenia. Does methamphetamine act as an agonist or antagonist?
- How is the role of dopamine in reward processing best described? a. dopamine neurons only respond to punishments b. dopamine neurons respond only to primary rewards c. dopamine neurons respond only to novel (new) stimuli d. dopamine neuron firing correlates with prediction errorWhat is the relationship between drug abuse and dopamine?A. Probability of abusing a drug correlates strongly with how much dopamine it releases.B. People seldom abuse the drugs that release dopamine.C. Blocking dopamine synapses prevents any pleasure from a drug.D. Most abused drugs release dopamine, but not in proportion to addictive potential.Which statement is true?A.Some psychoactive drugs produce dependence.B.All psychoactive drugs produce dependence.C.Only illicit psychoactive drugs produce dependence.D.All dependence-producing drugs are illicit.
- Which of the following statements is true? a. GABA activity will be enhanced by tranquilizers b. Glutamate activity will be enhanced by Valium c. Prozac and other anti-depressant drugs work by decreasing serotonin c. Alcohol’s effects on behavior occur because it increases release of dopamine d. All of these are trueResearchers investigating the effect of exercise on cognitive functions conducted a con- trolled experiment in which rats were randomly assigned to sedentary (Sed), low-intensity exercise (Low-Ex), or high-intensity exercise (High-Ex) groups. During this exercise regi- ment, rats were also trained to navigate a specialized water maze, and their escape la tency, the time it took them to escape the maze, was recorded. The results of this experi- ment are depicted in the figure below. escape latency (sec) 100 80 60- 40- 20 0- day 10 day 11 Escape latencies during the training phase Based on the data above, day 12 (b) Identify the control group in the experiment. sed -- low-ex -- high-ex (a) Identify the dependent and independent variables in the experiment. day 13 Respond to each part in 3 to 4 complete sentences. (c) Compare the effects of low-intensity and high-intensity exercise on the rats' cognitive func- tion during the training period.Long-term methamphetamine use leads to changes in the brain. Think about how methamphetamine changed where dopamine was found in the cell. What are some changes that you might expect based on this simulation?