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- In order to understand the alpha and beta properties (mechanism of action) of Epinephrine, you 38) must be familiar with the drug's _______. A) Pharmacotherapeutics B) Pharmacodynamics C) Bioavailability D) PharmacokineticsWhich of the following is/are true about fluorescentmicroscopy?(a) Fluorescent microscopes use an infrared light source(b) Fluorochromes are sometimes necessary to visualizecellular structures or cells(c) Antibodies can be “tagged” with fluorescent mole-cules to help visualize and prove the presence of theircorresponding antigen or foreign substance, such as amicrobe in a blood sample(d) a, b, and c(e) b and c(f) None of the above2) Anesthetic drugs C and D are currently being screened in rats. After an IV bolus injection, the drugs induce anesthetic effects with some notable differences. Drug C causes the rats to fall unconscious within 60 seconds, while drug D takes 5 minutes to induce anesthesia; however, both drugs exhibit a similar duration of effect, with the rats awakening 20-25 minutes after drug administration. a) What factors might explain the differences in onset time between the two drugs? Why do both drugs still have similar durations of effect? b) Which is preferred between the IV and oral routes of administration, even if drug D has a slow 5-minute induction of anesthesia? (Hint: compare their ADME kinetics) c) Hypothetically, if a higher dose of drug C were administered, would you expect the duration of anesthesia to increase proportionally, or would there likely be a ceiling effect? Explain your reasoning based on pharmacodynamic principles. d) What are 2 possible strategies that can be used to…
- 7. Organophosphates, which are found in a lot of insecticides, block the activity of acetylcholineesterase. What might be a result of blocking this important enzyme? A)Hyperstimulation of the nicotinic receptor B)Accelerated ACh breakdown in the synaptic cleft C)Muscle paralysis due to limited activity in the muscle cell34. A 32-year-old woman has had progressive intermittent double vision for the past 6 weeks and weakness in her legs for the past 2 weeks. Physical examination shows bilateral ptosis and normal sensory function in her legs. The most likely mechanism of these findings is antibody to which of the following? OA) Acetylcholine receptor B) Cholinesterase C) Motor end-plate membrane D) Myosin E) Postsynaptic membrane10. Which of the following is a calcium release channel? A)Ryanodine receptor B)Tropomyosin C)DHP receptor D)Nicotinic receptor E)Troponin
- 1) A drug that binds at the same site as the neurotransmitter and prevents the neurotransmitter from opening ion channels would be termed a(n) a) direct antagonist b) direct agonist c) indirect agonist d) indirect antagonist 2) A drug that binds at a site different from that of the neurotransmitter and opens ion channels would be termed a(n) a) direct antagonist b) direct agonist c) indirect agonist d) indirect antagonist25 Testosterone is an anabolic steroid; estradiol is the predominant female sex hormone. How can you discern between these two hormones by using NMR spectroscopy? * OH Он но HO testosterone estradiol I) number of C-signals I) number of 'H-signals III) chemical shifts IV) BC-signal splitting a) I, II, II b) I, II, IV c) I, III, IV d) II, III, IVbioactive materials refers to * a) To a material that upon placement within the human body starts to dissolve and slowly replaced by advancing tissue (such as bone). b) Any material that once placed in the human body has minimal interaction with its surrounding tissue c) A material, which upon being placed O within the human body interacts with the surrounding O d) all of above
- A. Which one of the following is an example of affinity chromatography? Select all that apply. a) Hormone – receptor interaction b) Enzyme – substrate interaction c) Antigen-antibody interaction d) All of the above e) Cytochrome C – DEAE matrix B. If your sepharose beads are covalently attached to adrenaline hormone, which of the following protein is most likely purified by affinity chromatography? a) Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) b) Calmodulin c) GPCR d) Protein kinase A C. Which of the following malate dehydrogenase (MDH) has a 'peptide epitope tag'? a) MDH-HA b) MDH-GST c) MDH-GFP e) All of them D. To elute target proteins from an affinity chromatography matrix, which of the following conditions would be the most appropriate? a) Low salt concentrations b) High salt concentrations c) Adding a soluble ligand that competes with the affinity tagged protein for binding to the column d) Just keep washing buffer through the column, isocratic elution13. Which of the following are secondary messengers? A) Ca²+, GTP, CAMP B) hormones C) growth factors D) neurotransmitters E) None of the above Answer: Explanation:4) You design an experiment in which you have your subject consume caffeine (coffee) and then evaluate whether or not you see an increase in their heart rate. In this experiment, the size of the cup of coffee, the brand of coffee, and any sugar or additives would be considered ............ a) independent variables b) dependent variables c) controlled variables