Serology Portfolio
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Milton High School, Milton *
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Course
2017
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Apr 28, 2024
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docx
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10
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Dear Dr. Smith,
Your expertise is needed for the Martin versus the People trial. We have heard that you are the
best in your field of blood analysis patterns. Since you live in Greenland, we are sending you
the list of videos to analyze. In order to help us plan and carry out our investigation, we are asking that you please view the videos and answer the questions that the cross- examiner has prepared. Create a PowerPoint presentation with your answers, so that we may show the PowerPoint to the jury. We appreciate your help in seeking justice!
Section 1: Angle of Impact
View the videos for this section as labeled, below and answer the follow-up questions.
Click on the links below to access the videos:
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1. View each of the video clips above. Each video clip is labeled with an angle of impact; you will be re-calculating these angles of impact using your own measurements to ensure that your video clips are accurate and ready for the court room. Measure the width and length of each of
the blood drops in millimeters directly on your screen. Or, you can use the grid lines that are provided in the video. Each grid line would equal 1 unit. Estimate the measurement to 1 decimal place if it does not fall directly on a grid line. Complete the data table below with the information as requested.
Angle as
labeled in
video
Measured
width in
mm
Measured
length in
mm
W/L (decimal)
Calculated
Angle (using
Trig. table 1
below)
Does your
calculated
angle match
the given
angle?
If not, why do you
think the angles did
not match?
(Example)
10°
9mm
65mm
9/65=.138
8°
No, it is off by 2°
It was really close, so
it is possibly due to a
measuring error.
30
4 units
9 units
4/9=.44
26 degrees
No, it is of by
4 degrees.
It was close, but this could be because I’m using grid units rather than millimeters.
50
4 units
5.5 units
4/5.5=.73
47 degrees
No, it is of by
3 degrees.
It was close, but this could be because I’m using grid units rather than millimeters.
70
4.5 units
4.5 units
4.5/4.5=1
90 degrees
No, it is of by
20 degrees
It was very off, but this
could be because I’m using grid units rather than millimeters and there might be a calculation error.
90
4.5 units
4.5 units
4.5/4.5=1
90 degrees
Yes
Analysis:
1. Were all of the calculated angles in your data table the same as the labeled angles in the
video?
The majority of my calculated angles in my data were different.
2. How would you explain this discrepancy to the jury?
This could be due to human error. We are not perfect machines, and we often may have minor mistakes in out measurements or calculations. The velocity in which the blood splatter met the grid could also affect how far it spread out as well.
Section 2: Transfer and Movement Patterns
View the videos for this section as labeled, below and answer the follow-up questions.
Click on the links below to access the videos:
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“Hatchet Castoff”
1. In which direction is the hatchet moving? Be sure to include description of both
horizontal/vertical and left/right.
It is moving mostly horizontally to the left.
2. In which direction is the sharp side of the hatchet blade facing?
It is facing downward, toward the wall.
3. Describe the flight path of the blood droplets: (Hint- where in particular is the blood casting
off from on the hatchet?)
The droplets are flying off from the sharp side of the hatchet and are landing on the wall in the same horizontal leftward motion the hatchet is moving in.
4. As the blood droplets hit the wall, in what direction are the tails facing?
It is hard to tell, but they appear to be facing left
5. Describe the resulting blood pattern on the wall:
The resulting pattern is a cast-off because of the arc of the droplets and tails left after the droplets contacted the wall. The droplets appear to be small and disperse, but the follow the same direction that the hatchet swung from.
“Swipe”
1. Did the person have blood on their finger before touching the plexiglass surface?
The person did have blood of their finger before touching the plexiglass surface
2. Describe the bloodstain pattern caused by the swipe:
The bloodstain pattern caused by a swipe appears as little blood toward the center of pressure where the object made contact while the majority of the blood is found around the less pressured point of the object.
3. What do you notice at the end of the bloodstain where the finger left the plexiglass surface?
The blood curves around the end as the surface of the finger releases its pressure of the plexiglass surface.
“Wipe”
1. Did the finger have blood on it before touching the plexiglass surface?
The finger did not have blood on it before touching the plexiglass surface.
2. After the finger moved blood from the left and right side of the bloodstain, an outline of the
outer edges of the bloodstain remained. This is known as “skeletonization” and it is characteristic of a wipe. Why would some blood remain and form this skeletonization?
The edges of a bloodstain will generally skeletonize within 50 seconds of deposition and be left intact even if the central area of a bloodstain is altered by a wiping motion to show the original formation of the stain when it was first deposited.
3. Describe the bloodstain pattern that you saw in this wipe video:
The original stain made had skeletonize markings while it also showed the direction in which the wipe was made by skeletonizing around the finger wipe.
4. What is the difference between a wipe and a swipe?
A wipe occurs when a bloodstain is removed or altered because a non-bloody object has moved through a wet blood stain. A swipe, conversely, occurs when blood is transferred from a bloody object to a previously unstained surface.
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Related Questions
To run a spectrophotometry experiment, begin by warming up
the spectrophotometer and preparing the samples. Be sure to select the correct absorbance
(X), then run a
measurement on the sample
solution. Follow up by running measurements on sample
solutions. Once data is collected, turn off the instrument, clean the area, and
discard the samples.
Partially correct
(2 of 4 correct)
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Individually weigh each of the nine nickels used in part 2b. Then calculate the average,average deviation, and standard deviation of the nine samples. The mass of a U. S. nickel,when minted, is 5.000 g. What is the percent error between your average and the U. S. Mintvalue? Pay close attention to your significant figures when doing these calculations.
Sample Mass (g)
Average Mass ____________ gNo.1 _5.029 ______ Average Deviation ____________ g2 _5.010 ______ Standard Deviation ____________ g3 _4.983 ______ Percent Error ____________ %4 _5.036 ______5 _4.989 ______6 _5.026 ______7 _5.028 ______8 _4.980 ______9 _4.952 ______
im having issues with average deviation and standard deviation
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■ True or False: in a TOF analyzer, a fragment of low mass reaches the
detector first
▪ In GCMS when we know what analytes we are measuring we use
not know what analytes are in the sample we use
than scan.
▪ A) Scan; SIM
■ B)SIM; scan
• C) SIM; SIM
mode. When we do
mode. SIM allows greater sensitivity
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What are the differences between systematic and random errors and how do they effect accuracy and precision?
In what circumstances would you use standard addition (versus a normal calibration curve) to determine the amount of an analyte in a sample?
A urine sample, containing analyte Z is analysed by the standard addition method where 5 mL of the original sample was mixed with increasing amounts of a Z standard and each solution diluted to a volume of 50 mL prior to analysis. A plot of the final concentration of the standard in each of the 50 mL samples (x axis) versus
The measured signal from the analysis of each 50 mL sample (on y axis) produced a straight line with the general equation:
y = 44.72x + 4.06
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• Stock solution: 1000 mg/L
Target sample concentrations: 50-400 mg/L
• Create a 5-point standard dilution to cover the test
• If each test only needs 10 mL, make plans to make the dilution so you
have 20 mL of each concentration.
·
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Suppose a normally distributed set of data with 8900 observations has a mean of 123 and a standard
deviation of 16. Use the 68-95-99.7 Rule to determine the number of observations in the data set expected
to be above a value of 107. Round your answer to the nearest whole value.
Hint: This problem is asking for how many observations not the percent.
Answer
Tip: Don't round any probabilities or percentages in your calculations. Keep all decimal places and round at
the END of the problem.
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* The data in the table below were
obtained during a photometric
determination of glucose in blood
serum. A serum sample gave a
transmittance of 0.45. Find the
glucose concentration in the blood
serum. *
Glucose
0.0
2.0 4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
concentration,
mM
Absorbance
0.002 0.15 0.294 0.434 0.5704 0.704
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STANDARD SAMPLE PREPARATIONS FOR ABSORBANCE & CONCENTRATION DATA
Concentration of stock nickel sulfate hexahydrate solution = .400 Molarity
Sample
Volume
Absorbance
Concentration (In Molarity)
a
5 mL
.179
10 mL
.329
15 mL
.588
20 mL
.760
25 mL
.939
Reference Blank = 0
Please show how to find Molarity, please show
steps. Thank you and stay safe.
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MRI machines primarily work using ____.a. The nuclei of carbons in fatty acid chainsb. The nuclei of oxygen atoms from water molecules in the bodyc. The nuclei of hydrogen atoms from water molecules in the bodyd. The nuclei of radioactive isotopes injected into the body
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Consider the following data set:
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
Diluted Unknown (25% dilution)
Diluted Unknown (50% dilution)
Undiluted Unknown
Absorbance at 470 nm
0.032
0.058
0.090
0.114
0.140
0.072
0.138
0.210
Concentration
1.00 x 10-³ M
2.00 x 10-³ M
3.00 x 10-³ M
4.00 x 10-³ M
5.00 x 10-³ M
1. Using MS Excel, plot a calibration curve for samples 1 to 5 (Attach a printed copy of the graph).
Determine the molar absorptivity.
2. Calculate the concentration of the diluted and undiluted unknown using the linear regression equation
produced from #1.
3. Back-calculate the concentration of the undiluted unknown using the calculated concentration of the
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4. Explain any significant difference that you see between the concentration of the undiluted unknown
that is back-calculated from the absorbance of the 25% and 50% diluted unknown, and the
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Type your answer to the following:
Consider the steps the student took in the following scenario. Then describe anything the student
did wrong and how it would have affected the student results (too high, low, or unchanged) and why.
X
A student forgot to weigh the filter paper prior to filtering the salt from the sand. To make up for this,
the student weighed a different filter paper from the box and used that mass in the calculations.
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Summative Assessment
Summative:
Components of the Lab Report
Purpose: The student should clearly state the purpose of the experiment, which is to determine whether the mixing of two or more substances results in new substances.
Procedure: The student should describe the steps they took to conduct the experiment. This includes the substances they chose to mix and the safety equipment they used.
Observations: The student should record any observable changes that occurred when the substances were mixed. This could include a color change, the formation of a precipitate, or a change in temperature.
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wavenumbers that are already labeled on the spectra.
Example table:
wavenumber (cm-1) Corresponding Bond Type Corresponding Functional Group
C(sp3)-H
N-H
2978
3300
Part C) Draw the structure and clearly indicate which hydrogens correspond to which
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HNMR spectrum. Match the hydrogen labeling (HA, HB, etc.) on your drawn structure
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4300
3320-2872
2951
3006
3003
2001
alkyl
amine
1613
1510
1000
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Methods of Analysis
Test #1: Polarity, or Effect of a charged rod on a stream of liquid:
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Try this at home with water and a plastic spoon. Rub the plastic spoon against a sweater and move it close to a small stream of water running out of your faucet!
Test #2: Volatility, or Rate of Evaporation:
A thermometer probe was wrapped with a strip of filter paper. This assembly was soaked in one of the liquids for one minute. The probe was removed, and the temperature change was monitored as the liquid evaporated. The results are given in Graph 1 below. (See Graph)
Graph 1: The curves generated of the change in temperature over time for the substances acetone, hydrogen monoxide, ethylene glycol,…
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c. Who were the four main scientists involved in discovering the structure
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video? Name at least three things that you noticed.
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3. Create a table of your observations made during the experiment. For example:
Sample 2
Sample 1
Initial
After shaking
Write a brief summary of any conclusion that were reached.
4.
With your group, write a sentence statement of the objective of the experiment and the
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Set 1
Set 2
155.779
155.784
155.787
155.787
155.813
155.765
155.781
155.793
i.
i.
Determine the mean and the standard deviation in Set 1.
Calculate the 95% confidence limit for data in Set 1.
Identify a possible outlier in Set 2. Use the Q-test to determine whether it
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ii.
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The spectroscopic data in the table is generated with five solutions of known concentration.
Concentration (M)
0.0133
m=
0.0266
0.0532
0.106
0.213
Absorbance
0.1271
What is the intercept of the linear regression line?
0.08531
0.5388
1.069
Use a spreadsheet program, such as Microsoft Excel, to graph the data points and determine the equation of the best-fit line.
1.954
What is the slope of the linear regression line formed by these points?
M-1
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Marikit had very good precision but poor accuracy in her data.
Volumetric flasks were placed inside the oven for drying before it was used.
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Simplify. Write each answer in scie
17) (5.4x 10")는 (7X/0")
19) (6 x 10°(4 x 10-1)
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