Concepts of Biology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168116
Author: Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 5RQ
The initial mechanism for repairing
a. mismatch repair
b. DNA polymerase proofreading
c. nucleotide excision repair
d. thymine dimers
Expert Solution & Answer
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Okazaki fragments are ________.
A.
short RNA primers needed for initiation of polymerization
B.
fragments of DNA polymerase I that lack 5' → 3' exonuclease activity
C.
short stretches of DNA formed on the lagging strand
D.
the smallest subunits of DNA polymerase III
a. Pfu Polymerase
b.dNTPs
c.Buffer
Match each component above to the correct function(s) listed below. Write your selection(s) for each component. You may have more than one answer for each.
1. unwinds DNA
2. synthesizes new DNA strands
3. enzymatically catalyzes Quikchange
4. nucleotide source for new DNA strands
5. Energy source for reaction(s)
6. Repairs errors in base pair matching
7. Maintains pH and salt levels
8. Creates polymer chains
Nucleotide excision repair
A.
recognizes and repairs thymine dimers and other damaged bases in DNA
B.
corrects errors in nucleotide excision
C.
recognizes and removes mismatched bases after DNA synthesis is completed
D.
removes nucleotides that are incorrectly incorporated during DNA synthesis
Chapter 9 Solutions
Concepts of Biology
Ch. 9 - Figure 9.10 You isolate a cell strain in which the...Ch. 9 - Which of the following does cytosine pair with? a....Ch. 9 - Prokaryotes contain a ______ chromosome, and...Ch. 9 - DNA replicates by which of the following models?...Ch. 9 - The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide...Ch. 9 - A promoter is ______. a. a specific sequence of...Ch. 9 - Portions of eukaryotic mRNA sequence that are...Ch. 9 - The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in...Ch. 9 - How long would the peptide be that is translated...Ch. 9 - Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells...
Ch. 9 - Post-translational control refers to: a....Ch. 9 - Describe the organization of the eukaryotic...Ch. 9 - Describe the structure and complementary base...Ch. 9 - How do the linear chromosomes in eukaryotes ensure...Ch. 9 - Transcribe and translate the following DNA...Ch. 9 - Describe how controlling gene expression will...
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- Match each enzyme name in the left column with the correct descriptive phrase in the right column. a. Topoisomerase II b. DNA ligase c. DNA polymerase y d. Reverse transcriptase i. Catalyzes most nucleotide incorporations in bacterial DNA replication ii. Cleaves RNA in a DNA-RNA hybrid molecule e. DNA polymerase I f. DNA polymerase II iii. Uses a tRNA primer in synthesis of retroviral DNA iv. Acts through an adenylylated DNA inter- mediate v. Catalyzes formation of a double-strand DNA break vi. Catalyzes mitochondrial DNA replicationarrow_forwardDNA polymerase δ: DNA polymerase III as ________ a. Helicase: RPA b. DNA ligase: DNA polymerase I c. DNA polymerase alpha: primase d. DNA polymerase I: FEN-1/RNAse Harrow_forwardWhat can cause mutations in the DNA sequence? Select all that apply. A. Failure of repair enzymes to recognize mismatched nucleotides before and during DNA replication B. Recognition of mismatched bases by repair enzymes before and during DNA replication C. Exposure of cells to ionizing radiation D. Nucleotide errors occurring during DNA replicationarrow_forward
- 1. A short homologous sequence called the macrohomologies which connects break ends of the strands. a. True b. False Answer: 2. This type of DNA repair can recognize multiple damaged part in the DNA sequence and repair it. a. Nucleotide repair b. Strand break repair c. Base excision repair d. Base nucleotide replacement Answer:arrow_forwardWhich of the following types of DNA damage would be hardest to repair using the DNA repair pathways?A. Complete removal of three nucleotides in the middle of one strand.B. A covalent bond between a base on one strand and a base on the complementary strand.C. Incorporation of a sugar other than deoxyribose into one strand.D. Covalent attachment of a short polypeptide to a single base.E. A covalent bond between a base and a deoxyribose on the same strand. Please explain why it's Barrow_forwardPyrimidine dimers in DNA may be repaired by in E. coli cells. (select all correct answers) Select one or more: O a. photolyase O b. nucleotide excision repair O c. mis-match repair O d. methyl-transferasearrow_forward
- What can cause mutations in the DNA sequence? Select all that apply. a.Exposure of cells to ionizing radiation b.Failure of repair enzymes to recognize mismatched nucleotides before and during DNA replication c.Recognition of mismatched bases by repair enzymes before and during DNA replication d.Nucleotide errors occurring during DNA replicationarrow_forwardA.) Damaged DNA can be reversed if nucleotides can be replaced with a proper nucleotide for a correct amino acid base. B.) Direct reversal of DNA repair can destroy the abnormal bonds of the nucleotides in the DNA sequence. a. Statement A is correct b. Statement B is correct c. Both A and B are correct d. Both A and B are incorrectarrow_forwardMatch the following type of DNA repair mechanism with the most appropriate definition. Nucleotide excision repair Homologous recombination Base excision repair Nonhomologous end joining A. Repairs thymine dimers by removing a section of the strand B. Corrects damaged bases by removing only the base C. Repairs double strand breaks by joining the ends D. Repairs double strand breaks by copying second chromosomearrow_forward
- Enzyme function is critically important for the proper replication of DNA. Predict the consequence of a loss of function for each of the following enzymes. a. DNA gyrase b. DNA polymerase III c. DNA ligase d. DNA polymerase Iarrow_forwardMatch the enzymes provided from (1-4) in the list of choices with their matching function (A-D) during DNA replication. A. Disrupts hydrogen bonds between DNA bases B. Can only add nucleotides to an existing 3 OH end C. Can't add nucleotides to a chain, but can make covalent bonds D. Actually a specialized form of RNA polymerase select 1. DNA polymerase select 2. Primase select 3. Ligase select v 4. Helicasearrow_forwardDNA Repair Systems a. counteract spontaneous and induced mutations b. counteract induced mutations only c. counteract amino acid changes introduced by mutations d. prevent DNA damagearrow_forward
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