College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 9, Problem 12CQ
Explain why the forces in our joints are several times larger than the forces we exert on the outside world with our limbs. Can these forces be even greater than muscle forces (see previous Question)?
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The length of the Achilles tendon increases 0.500 cm when the force exerted on it by the muscle increases from 3198 N to 4769 N.
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Explain one of the reasons why pregnant women often suffer from back strain late in their pregnancy.
Chapter 9 Solutions
College Physics
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- If the maximum force the biceps muscle can exert is 1000 N, can we pick up an object that weighs 1000 N? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardQuestion 1) The figure shows a person wearing weight boots and doing lower leg flexion/extension exercise in sitting position to strengthen the quadriceps muscles and a simple mechanical model of his leg. W 1 is the weight of the lower leg, Wo is the weight of the boot, FM is the magnitude of the pulling force exerted on the tibia by the quadriceps muscles through the patellar tendon, F, is the magnitude of the reaction force acting on the tibiofemoral joint. Point O is the center of the tibiofemoral joint, Point A is the point where the patellar tendon attaches to the tibia, Point B is the center of gravity of the lower leg, C point of gravity is the center of gravity of the boat. The distances between point O and points A, B and C were measured as a = 10 cm, b=22 cm and c=43 cm, respectively. The angle between the long axis of the tibia and the horizontal is B=38°, the angle between the action line of the quadriceps muscle strength and the long axis of the tibia is a=18°. Points O,…arrow_forwardVerify that the force in the elbow joint in the figure below is 407 N, as stated in the text. (Submit a file with a maximum size of 1 MB.) Triceps muscle Free-body diagram Biceps muscle PHYSICS FB m, - 4.0 kg CG Fg Wo ma = 2.5 kg Wo %3D FE Fe CG 4.0 cm Wa 16cm 38 cmarrow_forward
- A hand exerts a force of 25 lbs on a scale at 16 inches from the joint center at the elbow. If the triceps attach to the ulna at a 90° angle and at a distance of 2.5 cm from the elbow joint center, and if the weight of the forearm and hand is 12 lbs with the hand/forearm CG located 15 cm from the elbow joint center, how much force is being exerted by the triceps? 880 1488 N 8800 O 15.640 N Onone of the answers are correctarrow_forwardWhen you lift an object by moving only your forearm, the main lifting muscle in your arm is the biceps. Suppose the mass of a forearm is 1.30 kgkg . If the biceps is connected to the forearm a distance dbicepsdbicepsd_biceps = 3.50 cmcm from the elbow, how much force FbicepsFbicepsF_biceps must the biceps exert to hold a 600 gg ball at the end of the forearm at distance dballdballd_ball = 33.0 cmcm from the elbow, with the forearm parallel to the floor? How much force FelbowFelbowF_elbow must the elbow exert? Although it is uncommon, orthopedic surgeons have seen patients who have torn their biceps tendon when forces of greater than 390 NN have been exerted on the tendon with the arm bent at the elbow so that the forearm is parallel to the ground. What is the minimum mass of a ball MballMballM_ball such a patient might have held to cause the biceps tendon to tear?arrow_forwardUnlike most of the other muscles in our bodies, the masseter muscle in the jaw, as illustrated in the figure, is attached relatively far from the joint, enabling very large forces to be exerted by the back teeth. This is shown in the figure below, where a person is biting down on a bullet placed between the back teeth. (FM = 295 N and rR = 4.0 cm.) (a) Using the information in the figure, calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the teeth on the bullet._________ N(b) Calculate magnitude of the force on the joint._________ Narrow_forward
- Unlike most of the other muscles in our bodies, the masseter muscle in the jaw, as illustrated in the figure, is attached relatively far from the joint, enabling very large forces to be exerted by the back teeth. This is shown in the figure below, where a person is biting down on a bullet placed between the back teeth. (FM= 210 N and rR = 4.1 cm.) (a) Using the information in the figure, calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the teeth on the bullet. (b) Calculate magnitude of the force on the joint.arrow_forwardUnlike most of the other muscles in our bodies, the masseter muscle in the jaw, as illustrated in the figure, is attached relatively far from the joint, enabling very large forces to be exerted by the back teeth. This is shown in the figure below, where a person is biting down on a bullet placed between the back teeth. (F, = 320 N and r, = 4.7 cm.) = 2.9 cm M Masseter muscle reaction (a) Using the information in the figure, calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the teeth on the bullet. (b) Calculate magnitude of the force on the joint. Narrow_forwardThere is a small but appreciable amount of elastic hysteresis in the large tendon at the back of a horse’s leg. Explain how this can cause damage to the tendon if a horse runs too hard for too long a time.arrow_forward
- When just a single force is present, can an item be in equilibrium? Explain.arrow_forwardIn the figure below, the biceps muscle exerts a force supporting a perpendicular forearm and a book. Suppose we replace the book with an elastic exercise rope that obeys Hooke's Law. Assume its force constant k = 453 N/m. Triceps muscle Biceps U muscle PHYSICS m, = 4.3 kg CG FE m, = 3.7 kg Wo CG 4.0 cml Wa 16 cm 38 cm (a) How much is the rope stretched (past equilibrium) to provide the same force w, as before the book was replaced? Assume the rope is held in the hand at the same location as the book. (Enter your answer in cm.) |cm (b) What force (in N) is on the biceps muscle if the exercise rope is pulled straight up so that the forearm makes an angle of 18° with the horizontal? Assume the biceps muscle is still perpendicular to the forearm. (Assume the same stretch in the rope as part (a). Enter the magnitude.)arrow_forwardA 75-kg man stands on his toes by exerting an upward force through the Achilles tendon, as shown. What is the force in the Achilles tendon if he stands on one foot?arrow_forward
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