Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696534
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 109CP
Discuss the relationship between volumetric strain rate and the continuity equation. Base your discussion on fundamental definitions.
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Q1::
Explain all the terms of the Continuity Equation and their physical meanings with the help of examples.
A- Womersley number (a) of a human aorta is 20 and for the rabbit aorta is 17, the blood density is approximately the same across the species. The values of viscosity were 0.0035 Ns/m² for the human and 0.0040 Ns/m² for the rabbit. The diameter of the aorta is 2.0 cm for the man, and 0.7 cm for the rabbit, estimate the heart rate beats per minute (bpm) for both species
One of the conditions in using the Bernoulli equation is the requirement of
inviscid flow. However there is no fluid with zero viscosity in the world except
some peculiar fluid at very low temperature. Bernoulli equation or inviscid flow
theory is still a very important branch of fluid dynamics for the following
reasons:
(i)
(ii)
There is wide region of flow where the velocity gradient is zero and so the
viscous effect does not manifest itself, such as in external flow past an un-
stalled aerofoil.
The conservation of useful energy allows the conversion of kinetic and
potential energy to pressure and hence pressure force acting normal to the
control volume or system boundary even though the tangential friction
stress is absent.
It allows the estimation of losses in internal pipe flow.
(A) (i) and (ii)
(B)
(i) and (iii)
(ii) and (iii)
All of the above
(C)
(D)
Chapter 9 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 9 - Explain the fundamental differences between a flow...Ch. 9 - What does it mean when we say that two more...Ch. 9 - The divergence theorem is v.cdv=A c . n dACh. 9 - Prob. 4CPCh. 9 - Prob. 5CPCh. 9 - Prob. 6CPCh. 9 - Prob. 7PCh. 9 - Prob. 8PCh. 9 - Let vector G=2xzi12x2jz2kk . Calculate the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 9 - Prob. 11PCh. 9 - Prob. 12PCh. 9 - Prob. 13PCh. 9 - Alex is measuring the time-averaged velocity...Ch. 9 - Let vector c be given G=4xziy2i+yzkand let V be...Ch. 9 - The product rule can be applied to the divergence...Ch. 9 - Prob. 18PCh. 9 - Prob. 19PCh. 9 - Prob. 20CPCh. 9 - In this chapter we derive the continuity equation...Ch. 9 - Repeat Example 9-1(gas compressed in a cylinder by...Ch. 9 - Consider the steady, two-dimensional velocity...Ch. 9 - The compressible from of the continuity equation...Ch. 9 - In Example 9-6 we derive the equation for...Ch. 9 - Consider a spiraling line vortex/sink flow in the...Ch. 9 - Verify that the steady; two-dimensional,...Ch. 9 - Consider steady flow of water through an...Ch. 9 - Consider the following steady, three-dimensional...Ch. 9 - Consider the following steady, three-dimensional...Ch. 9 - Two velocity components of a steady,...Ch. 9 - Imagine a steady, two-dimensional, incompressible...Ch. 9 - The u velocity component of a steady,...Ch. 9 - Imagine a steady, two-dimensional, incompressible...Ch. 9 - The u velocity component of a steady,...Ch. 9 - What is significant about curves of constant...Ch. 9 - In CFD lingo, the stream function is often called...Ch. 9 - Prob. 39CPCh. 9 - Prob. 40CPCh. 9 - Prob. 41PCh. 9 - Prob. 42PCh. 9 - Prob. 44PCh. 9 - Prob. 45PCh. 9 - As a follow-up to Prob. 9-45, calculate the volume...Ch. 9 - Consider the Couette flow of Fig.9-45. For the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 48PCh. 9 - AS a follow-up to Prob. 9-48, calculate the volume...Ch. 9 - Consider the channel flow of Fig. 9-45. The fluid...Ch. 9 - In the field of air pollution control, one often...Ch. 9 - Suppose the suction applied to the sampling...Ch. 9 - Prob. 53PCh. 9 - Flow separates at a shap corner along a wall and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 55PCh. 9 - Prob. 56PCh. 9 - Prob. 58PCh. 9 - Prob. 59PCh. 9 - Prob. 60PCh. 9 - Prob. 61PCh. 9 - Prob. 62PCh. 9 - Prob. 63EPCh. 9 - Prob. 64PCh. 9 - Prob. 65EPCh. 9 - Prob. 66PCh. 9 - Prob. 68EPCh. 9 - Prob. 69PCh. 9 - Prob. 71PCh. 9 - Prob. 72PCh. 9 - Prob. 73PCh. 9 - Prob. 74PCh. 9 - Prob. 75PCh. 9 - Wht in the main distionction between Newtormine...Ch. 9 - Prob. 77CPCh. 9 - What are constitutive equations, and to the fluid...Ch. 9 - An airplane flies at constant velocity Vairplane...Ch. 9 - Define or describe each type of fluid: (a)...Ch. 9 - The general cool volume from of linearmomentum...Ch. 9 - Consider the steady, two-dimensional,...Ch. 9 - Consider the following steady, two-dimensional,...Ch. 9 - Consider the following steady, two-dimensional,...Ch. 9 - Consider liquid in a cylindrical tank. Both the...Ch. 9 - Engine oil at T=60C is forced to flow between two...Ch. 9 - Consider steady, two-dimensional, incompressible...Ch. 9 - Consider steady, incompressible, parallel, laminar...Ch. 9 - Prob. 89PCh. 9 - Prob. 90PCh. 9 - Prob. 91PCh. 9 - The first viscous terms in -comonent of the...Ch. 9 - An incompressible Newtonian liquid is confined...Ch. 9 - Prob. 94PCh. 9 - Prob. 95PCh. 9 - Prob. 96PCh. 9 - Prob. 97PCh. 9 - Consider steady, incompressible, laminar flow of a...Ch. 9 - Consider again the pipe annulus sketched in Fig...Ch. 9 - Repeat Prob. 9-99 except swap the stationary and...Ch. 9 - Consider a modified form of Couette flow in which...Ch. 9 - Consider dimensionless velocity distribution in...Ch. 9 - Consider steady, incompressible, laminar flow of a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 104PCh. 9 - Prob. 105PCh. 9 - Prob. 106PCh. 9 - Prob. 107CPCh. 9 - Prob. 108CPCh. 9 - Discuss the relationship between volumetric strain...Ch. 9 - Prob. 110CPCh. 9 - Prob. 111CPCh. 9 - Prob. 112PCh. 9 - Prob. 113PCh. 9 - Look up the definition of Poisson’s equation in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 115PCh. 9 - Prob. 116PCh. 9 - Prob. 117PCh. 9 - For each of the listed equation, write down the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 119PCh. 9 - Prob. 120PCh. 9 - A block slides down along, straight inclined wall...Ch. 9 - Water flows down a long, straight, inclined pipe...Ch. 9 - Prob. 124PCh. 9 - Prob. 125PCh. 9 - Prob. 126PCh. 9 - Prob. 128PCh. 9 - The Navier-Stokes equation is also known as (a)...Ch. 9 - Which choice is not correct regarding the...Ch. 9 - In thud flow analyses, which boundary condition...Ch. 9 - Which choice is the genera1 differential equation...Ch. 9 - Which choice is the differential , incompressible,...Ch. 9 - A steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow...Ch. 9 - A steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow...Ch. 9 - A steady velocity field is given by...Ch. 9 - Prob. 137P
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- The following rheological data were collected on a new "Thick 'n Spicy" brand of tomato catsup at 20°C and 90 kPa. rate of shear (s") shear stress (Pa) 10.0 20.4 20.0 21.5 40.0 23.0 60.0 25.0 80.0 26.5 (a) Plot these measured values on graph-paper. Which class of fluid does the catsup belong to?arrow_forward(2) Referring to the following figure, the distance between plates is Ay = 0.5 cm, Av, 10 cm/s, and the fluid is ethanol at 273 K having a viscosity of 1.77cp (0.0177 g/cm s). dv:| ay (a) Calculate the shear stress Tyz and the velocity gradient of shear rate using cgs units. (b) (c) Repeat using SI units. Ay F, force Fluid shear between two parallel plates.arrow_forwardThe following rheological data were collected on a new "Thick 'n Spicy" brand of tomato catsup at 20°C and 90 kPa. rate of shear (s') shear stress (Pa) 10.0 20.4 20.0 21.5 40.0 23.0 60.0 25.0 80.0 26.5 (a) Plot these measured values on graph-paper. Which class of fluid does the catsup belong to? (b) Write the appropriate model for describing the rheological behavior of "Thick 'n Spicy" catsup. Specify the numerical value(s) and the units of the associated constant(s). (c) What shear stress is expected when the rate of shear, under vigorous shaking of a bottle of "Thick 'n Spicy", is 150 s?arrow_forward
- Summarize the eight steps involved in a typical CFD analysis of a steady, laminar flow fieldarrow_forwardUnder what conditions may one describe atmospheric processes using the incompressible form of the continuity equation?arrow_forwardUse the Stokes-Einstein equation to estimate the diffusivity (cm^2/s) for a molecule with a solute radius 6.5 nm, at 29 degrees C, in a fluid with viscosity of 0.82 cP). Enter your answer in decimal form without unitsarrow_forward
- Use the Stokes-Einstein equation to estimate the diffusivity (cm^2/s) for a molecule with a solute radius 2.6 nm, at 44 degrees C,in a fluid with viscosity of 1.01 cP). Enter your answer in decimal form without unitsarrow_forwardFor the conditions shown, respond to the following questions and statementsconcerning application of the control volume equation to the continuity principle.arrow_forwardCan you explain the fundamental principles of fluid dynamics and their practical applications in mechanical engineering? Specifically, delve into concepts such as Bernoulli's principle, Reynolds number, and the Navier-Stokes equations, and elaborate on how these principles are utilized in designing and optimizing various systems, such as aircraft aerodynamics, turbine engines, and piping networks for fluid transport?arrow_forward
- Which choice is the differential, incompressible, two dimensional continuity equation in Cartesian coordinates?arrow_forward1.What is the difference between laminar and turbulent flow, and how does this affect fluid mechanics in mechanical engineering?arrow_forwardPLEASE BOX YOUR ANSWERS Problem 2 In an experiment conducted in a laboratory, the surface tension (Y) acting on a rotating square plate in a viscous fluid is a function of the external torque (t), plate length (a), area moment of inertia of plate (I), specific weight of the fluid (Y) and angular displacement of the plate (0). Using Buckingham-Pi theorem, find a suitable set of pi terms (in M, L and T primary dimensions). Your final answer should be written in proper functional form. Refer Table 5.1/ page-296 for secondary dimension of the variables.arrow_forward
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