A library must build shelving to shelve 200 4-inch high books, 150 8-inch high books, 300 10-inch high books and 180 12-inch high books. Each book is 0.5 inch thick. The library has several ways to store the books. For example, an 8-inch high shelf may be built to store all books of height less than or equal to 8 inches, and a 12-inch high shelf may be built for the 12-inch books. Alternatively, a 12-inch high shelf might be built to store all books. The library believes it costs $2,300 to build a shelf and that a cost of $5 per square inch is incurred for book storage. (Assume that the area required to store a book is given by height of storage area times book’s thickness.) Formulate and solve a shortest-path problem that could be used to help the library determine how to shelve the books at minimum cost. (Hint: Have nodes 0, 4, 8, 10 and 12, with cij being the total cost of shelving all books of height >i and ≤ j on a single shelf.)

Python Knapsack Problem: imagine you are carrying a knapsack with capacity to hold a total of weight C. You are selecting among n items with values A={a_1, a_2, ... , a_n} and associated weights W={w_1, w_2, ... , w_n}. Here the weights and values are all positive. You wish to maximize the total value of the items you select not exceeding the given weight capacity, example, maximize sum_{a in A} such that sum_{w in W} <= C.  Note that you can only select your items once.  Reformulate this as a bottom-up dynamic programming problem as follows. Define K_{i,j} as the highest possible value sum considering items 1 through i and total weight capacity j (j <= C). What is the base case i.e. K_{0,j} for all j and K_{i,0} for all i. What is the loop statement?

Computer Science Investing in stocks is a way to create assets that are supposed to provide financial security over time. In solving this problem, we assume that an investor buys several shares of stock at a certain price. These shares are going to be sold later on for a different price. Obviously, if the selling price is higher than the acquisition price, the investor makes a profit, registering capital gain. If the shares are sold at a lower price, the investor has a loss, which marks a negative capital gain.   This whole process is done over a period of time, and you are required to create a scenario for buying and selling shares. The assumption is that the investor sells shares in the order in which they were purchased.   The goal is to calculate the capital gain over time.   Suppose that you buy n shares of stock or mutual fund for d dollars each. Later, you sell some of these shares. If the sale price exceeds the purchase price, you have made a profit—a capital gain. On the other…