Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 7E
Although he did not present a mechanism, what were the key points of Alfred Wegener’s proposal for the concept of continental drift?
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People believe that continental drift in the Atlantic Ocean happens at the rate of about 1 to 2 cm/year. Convert this rate into nm/s.
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Suppose you are a member of research team in a research vessel. As part of a research operation you are reviewing a video of the sea floor near the coast of Greenland and see a large boulder lying on top of the sediment. Suggest a way the boulder could have arrived there.
On Dec 4, 2021 a volcano, Mt. Semeru erupted in Indonesia near Java in the Pacific Ocean in an area known as the Ring of Fire. The Ring of Fire is a string of volcanoes and sites of seismic activity, or earthquakes, around the edges of the Pacific Ocean. Deep Ocean trenches and high mountain ranges are also part of the Ring of Fire. Match the tectonic plate boundary condition with the earth's geologic feature in the lithosphere. *
(Convergent Boundary)(Divergent Boundary)(Transform Boundary) : Match these with the below:
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 8 - What is the thickest interior layer of Earth? The...Ch. 8 - What are Earth’s core and mantle made of? Explain...Ch. 8 - Describe the differences among primitive, igneous,...Ch. 8 - Explain briefly how the following phenomena happen...Ch. 8 - What is the source of Earth’s magnetic field?Ch. 8 - Why is the shape of the magnetosphere not...Ch. 8 - Although he did not present a mechanism, what were...Ch. 8 - List the possible interactions between Earth’s...Ch. 8 - List, in order of decreasing altitude, the...Ch. 8 - In which atmospheric layer are almost all...
Ch. 8 - What is, by far, the most abundant component of...Ch. 8 - In which domain of living things do you find...Ch. 8 - Describe three ways in which the presence of life...Ch. 8 - Briefly describe the greenhouse effect.Ch. 8 - How do impacts by comets and asteroids influence...Ch. 8 - Why are there so many impact craters on our...Ch. 8 - Detail some of the anthropogenic changes to...Ch. 8 - If you wanted to live where the chances of a...Ch. 8 - Which type of object would likely cause more...Ch. 8 - If all life were destroyed on Earth by a large...Ch. 8 - Why is a decrease in Earth’s ozone harmful to...Ch. 8 - Why are we concerned about the increases in CO2...Ch. 8 - Do you think scientists should make plans to...Ch. 8 - Europe and North America are moving apart by about...Ch. 8 - Over the entire Earth, there are 60,000 km of...Ch. 8 - With the information from Exercise 8.25, you can...Ch. 8 - What is the volume of new oceanic basalt added to...Ch. 8 - Suppose a major impact that produces a mass...Ch. 8 - How do the risks of dying from the impact of an...Ch. 8 - What fraction of Earth’s volume is taken up by the...Ch. 8 - Approximately what percentage of Earth’s radius is...Ch. 8 - What is the drift rate of the Pacific plate over...Ch. 8 - What is the percent increase of atmospheric CO2 in...Ch. 8 - Estimate the mass of the object that formed Meteor...
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Similar questions
- Explain the mechanism behind continental drift.arrow_forwardWith the information from Exercise 8.25, you can calculate the average age of the ocean floor. First, find the total area of the ocean floor (equal to about 60% of the surface area of Earth). Then compare this with the area created (or destroyed) each year. The average lifetime is the ratio of these numbers: the total area of ocean crust compared to the amount created (or destroyed) each year.arrow_forwardThe glaciers of Greenland have a total area of approximately 18 × 10^12 ft^2 and an average depth of 1.0 mile. What is the volume of water that would be released if all the glaciers were to melt? Given that oceans cover 70% of planet earth and the earth radius is approximately 6,371 kilometers, how much would ocean levels rise? (Neglect differences in the density between ice and water and changes in ocean coverage upon rising sea levels)arrow_forward
- What is the no-slip condition? What causes it?arrow_forwardWhich among the following is not a cause of wind formation? a) Uneven heating by the Sun b) Rotation of the Sun c) Rotation of the Earth d) Irregularities of the Earth surfacearrow_forwardif i have wind speed data for 1997, can we predict how likely the wind speed will change in 2022? It is known that the average annual wind speed in 1997 was 2,205 m/s with a mass density of 1.17 kg/m3. what is the probable speed in 2022?arrow_forward
- Assume that on the surface in the center of a mountain glacier, the long-term average speed of ice movement is 1 meter per day. How long will it take a rock that has fallen onto the glacier to travel 3 kilometers to the glacier’s terminus?arrow_forwardWhat is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?arrow_forwardThe rate at which the temperature increases with depth is called the geothermal gradient. What is the geothermal gradient in a tectonically stable region where the temperature is 119° C at a depth of 5.0 km? (Assume a surface rock temperature of 14° C.)arrow_forward
- Define (a) crest (b) trough (c) compressionarrow_forwardAccording to the infographic above a recent magnitude 7.7 Earthquake was recorded in Los Angeles 2016. Earthquakes represent a release of energy as a result of the earth's tectonic plates. a) Determine the amount of energy release in ergs. b) Determine the energy release in Joules. ( Hint use the earthquake formula M = 2/3 log (E/ 10^11.8); where M is the earthquake magnitude and E is the energy of the earthquake in ergs (recall 1 erg = 10^-7 Joules))arrow_forwardAccording to the infographic above a recent magnitude 3.8 Earthquake was recorded in San Diego 2021. Earthquakes represent a release of energy as a result of the earth's tectonic plates. a) Determine the amount of energy release in ergs. b) Determine the energy release in Joules. ( Hint use the earthquake formula M = 2/3 log (E/ 10^11.8); where M is the earthquake magnitude and E is the energy of the earthquake in ergs (recall 1 erg = 10^-7 Joules)). c) Using the earthquake magnitude scale below to qualitatively categorize (was it Minor, Light, Moderate, Strong, Major or Great) and describe the earthquake (what kind of damage is expected from a magnitude 3.8 earthquake).arrow_forward
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