Interpretation:
A chart of all allowable orbitals in the first four principal energy levels of the hydrogen atom, designation of each by type of s, p orbitals and indication of total number of orbitals of each type should be explained using the knowledge of principal quantum number.
Concept Introduction:
The energies of orbitals in the hydrogen atom depend on the value of the principal quantum number (n). When n increases, energy also increases. For this reason, orbitals in the same shell have the same energy in spite of their subshell. The increasing order of energy of hydrogen orbitals is
1s < 2s = 2p < 3s = 3p = 3d < 4s = 4p = 4d = 4f
In the case of one 2s and three 2p orbitals in the second shell, they have the same energy. In the third shell, all nine orbitals (one 3s, three 3p and five 3d) have the same energy. All sixteen orbitals (one 4s, three 4p, five 4d and seven 4f) in the fourth shell have the same energy.
Figure 1
The energy levels of the different orbitals in hydrogen atom are easily explained by considering the given diagram. Here, each box represents one orbital. Orbitals with the same principal quantum number (n) have the same energy.
Principal Quantum Number (n)
The principal quantum number (n) assigns the size of the orbital and specifies the energy of an electron. If the value of n is larger, then the average distance of an electron in the orbital from the nucleus will be greater. Therefore the size of the orbital is large. The principal quantum numbers have the integral values of 1, 2, 3 and so forth and it corresponds to the quantum number in
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