Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 47.1, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason due to which isotropic (I) () band and H zone get smaller, while no change in anisotropic (A) band is observed during the contraction of the skeletal muscle
Introduction:
The basic unit of every organ is cell; however, the specific cells themselves are composed of some simple units, like muscle cells are composed of the myofibrils. The myofibrils contain actin (thin) and myosin (thick) bundles, which are organized in a well-ordered fashion. The myofibril, in turn, is composed of the sarcomeres which are repeated in an order.
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since sarcomeres within skeletal muscles are rigidly aligned with each other what do you think excessive stretch or compression (remember the basic structure of the sarcomere with overlapping thin and thick filaments and the length-tension relationship) will do to the force generation of a muscle contraction?
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since sarcomeres within skeletal muscles are rigidly aligned with each other what do you think excessive stretch or compression (remember the basic structure of the sarcomere with overlapping thin and thick filaments and the length-tension relationship) will do to the force generation of a muscle contraction?
A typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 um in length and contracts to about
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Chapter 47 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cell contraction?arrow_forwardHow do actin and myosin interact in a sarcomere to bring about muscle contraction? What roles do ATP and calcium play?arrow_forwardWhat prevents the filaments from sliding back to their original position each time a myosin cross bridge detaches from actin?arrow_forward
- In the sliding filament theory of contraction, what prevents the filaments from sliding back to their original positions each time a myosin head releases to bind to next actin binding site?arrow_forwardExplain why myosin II in a sarcomere can produced force only for that sarcomere contraction and not for that sarcomere extension?arrow_forwardWhat are the mechanisms for muscle contraction vs. relaxation in regards to myosin/thick filaments/thin filament movement? Is it true that if tropomysin blocks myosin sites, contraction ends and muscle relaxes?arrow_forward
- For the following five events, which is the correct sequence that describes the excitation and contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber? 1. Tropomyosin shifts, exposing the myosin-binding sites on actin. 2. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to the troponin complex. 3. An action potential is propagated down the transverse tubules. 4. Cycles of myosin cross-bridge formation and breakdown cause the thin filaments to slide toward the center of the sarcomere. 5. An action potential in a motor neuron causes the axon to release acetylcholine, which triggers an action potential in a muscle fiber. 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 3 → 2 → 4 → 1 → 5 2 → 1 → 3 → 5 → 4 5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 4 → 3 → 1 → 2 → 5arrow_forwardAs mentioned in class, one additional major use of ATP in skeletal muscle (besides powering the myosin heads) is the recycling of calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum after depolarization. The resting concentration of Ca++ in the muscle cell cytoplasm is about 50-100 nM, and the spike concentration after depolarization is about 10-20 μΜ. a) Consider a single sarcomere. What is the number of free calcium ions within the sarcomere at rest? What is the number of free calcium ions after depolarization? b) The major ion pump responsible for calcium ion recycling is SERCA (sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase). SERCA uses one molecule of ATP to pump two calcium ions, and the resting level can be restored in about 10-20 ms. How many molecules of ATP are used in a single sarcomere for pumping calcium in a single "twitch"? c) Assume that a single "twitch" is sufficient to drive one sarcomere from its fully extended length (about 2.5 µm) to its fully contracted length (about 1…arrow_forwardName and describe the function of the two regulatory proteins on the actin thin filament muscle.arrow_forward
- One of the primary characteristics of all muscle tissue is contractility, the ability to shorten (contract) and lengthen (relax). You've identified the various components of a myofibril above. Now, use the table below to indicate what occurs to each band, line, or zone when the muscle contracts vs. relaxes. What occurs to this region / structure during contraction/relaxation? Region / Structure A-Band H-Band I-Band M-Line Z-Line Zone of Overlap Sarcomere No change Shortens Lengthens Muscle Contraction Muscle Relaxationarrow_forwardDiagram the arrangement of thick and thin filaments in a striated-muscle sarcomere, and label the major bands that give rise to the striated pattern. How does the position of the bands change during muscle contraction?arrow_forwardCertain multi-headed myosins bind cooperatively to actin filaments. The binding interaction is mainly electrostatic in nature, so the presence of additional salt (ions) in solution can interfere with binding; ions will tend to associate with charged residues on the two proteins, blocking electrostatic attractions that would otherwise take place. Briefly describe the expected shape of the binding curve for one of these myosins, and what will happen to the shape when the salt concentration increases.arrow_forward
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