Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 43.2, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
To draw: The structure of B-cell antigen and features located relative to V and C regions
Concept introduction:
The structure of a B cell resembles the “Y” shape. It consists of four polypeptide chains that include two identical heavy chains and, two identical light chains.
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Sketch a B cell antigen receptor. Label the V and C regions of the light and heavy chains. Label the antigenbinding sites, disulfide bridges, and transmembrane region. Where are these features located relative to the V and C regions?
Draw a schematic diagram of a typical IgG molecule and label each of the following parts: H chains, L chains, intrachain disulfide bonds, hinge, Fab, Fc, and all the domains. Indicate which domains are involved in antigen binding.
The ends of each heavy chain and light chain in an immunoglobulin make up the antigen-binding sites. The end of one of these chains is shown here.
Biochemists tend to classify protein structures into four groups: mostly alpha, mostly beta, mixed alpha and beta, or neither alpha nor beta. Based on the model shown here, how would you classify this part of the immunoglobulin protein?
The loopy polypeptide segments at the very top of the structure shown are the segments that actually contact the antigen. Would you expect these binding segments to be rigid or flexible?
Chapter 43 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 43.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 43.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 43.3 - Treatment of antibodies with a particular protease...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 43.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 43.4 - WHAT IF? How would a macrophage deficiency likely...Ch. 43 - In what ways does innate immunity protect the...Ch. 43 - Why is the adaptive immune response to an initial...Ch. 43 - Is immunological memory after a natural infection...Ch. 43 - Prob. 43.4CRCh. 43 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 43 - An epitope associates with which part of an...Ch. 43 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 43 - Level 2: Application/Analysis 4. Which of the...Ch. 43 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Contrast clonal selection with...Ch. 43 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Describe one invertebrate...Ch. 43 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 43 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This photo shows a child...
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- Write T if the statement is correct; write F if the statement is not correct. P and E selectins are expressed by endothelial cells. " " TCRs consist of heavy and light chains. " " A disulfide bond can be found on TCRs. " " The antigen binding site in TCRs is contributed by the variable region of the H chain and the variable region of the light chain. " " CD4, but not CD8, interacts with Lck. " "arrow_forwardStimulation of the humoral immune system results in the synthesis of antibody molecules that are released into the circulatory system. Antibodies can bind to surface structures on invading pathogens, as shown in this diagram. Activation of complement system and pore formation Opsonization Neutralization 201 Antibody -Virus Bacterium Macrophage Foreign cell Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt Paragraph BIU A Complement proteins Formation of membrane attack complex Antigen Flow of water and ions A. When specific antibodies bind to virus particles the virus is "neutralized." What does this mean? B. Circulating antibodies are produced by B-cells. Which cells in the adaptive immune system are responsible for the activation of these B-cells to produce these antibodies? Pore v D₂ ->arrow_forwardConstruct a typical antibody (immunoglobulin) molecule. Label the variable and constant regions, and the light and heavy chains. Indicate which region determines the antibody’s isotype (class). Indicate which region determines its antigenic specificity.arrow_forward
- Antibody binding to a pathogen surface is greatly enhanced when both antigen-binding sites of the antibody are engaged at once, a feature known as bivalent binding. It is possible for antibodies to bind bivalently to a wide variety of components on many different pathogen surfaces due to the flexibility in the protein at the hinge region and at the V–C junction.arrow_forwardFeatures of immunoglobulins include all of the following, EXCEPT, All immunoglobulins' constant regions include both heavy chains and both light chains IgA is a dimerized immunoglobulin that can be part of a mucus membranes' secretions All antibodies are secreted after the B cell becomes a plasma cell All immunoglobulin classes have disulfide bridges connecting heavy chains in at least 1 spot Immunoglobulins bind to antigens at the variable region only Immunoglobulins can also activate innate immune cells to carry out host defensesarrow_forwardIn the figure below, which close-up view of these two V domains has the amino acid sequences most important for antigen-binding highlighted correctly in red?arrow_forward
- eds Antibodies (Immunoglobulins) Objective 14 Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are glycoproteins secreted by plasma cells. They are located in interstitial fluid, plasma (gamma globulin fraction) and in body secretions. onse A. Antibody Structure Heavy chain Antigen-binding site Light chain Insmakamos Hinge region Complement- binding site Stem region Macrophage binding site OHO (a) Antibody molecule OHO X = Disulfide bond Carbohydrate four polypeptide chains (two heavy, two light) chains are held together by covalent disulfide bonds (S=S) each heavy chain and each light chain has two functional areas: consists of highly variable amino acid sequences which forms the basis of antibody specificity; antigen binds here ????? to more conserved amino acid sequences; there are five basic sequences of amino acids, which define the 5 antibody classes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE and IgD); ????? each class has its own characteristic set of effector functions (see next page) Your notes: 4 40 4. 39arrow_forwardFigure 42.11 Which of the following statements about T cells is false? Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.arrow_forwardIdentify the highlighted part of the antibody O Antigen Binding Site O Constant region O Constant region of a heavy chain O Constant region of a light chain O Disulfide bond O Heavy chain O Light Chain O Variable region O Variable region of a heavy chain O Variable region of a light chainarrow_forward
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