Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 4.2, Problem 1CSC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
What are the features of self-cells and donor cells that cause immune suppression.
Introduction:
Immune suppression is defined as the reduction in efficiency of the immune system to fight against diseases causing microorganisms. This condition occurs due to organ transplant or by medications.
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A man feels a shooting pain in his arm, then a thundering in his chest. Realizing that he is in the throes of a heart attack, he reaches for his self-injector of tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) and quickly injects himself. The tPA begins to break apart the blood clots that are blocking his heart’s circulation. This lifesaving protein is naturally found in the human body in tiny amounts. The man’s tPA drug, although identical to his own, was manufactured in bacteria.
a. How is it possible for bacteria to express protein that was coded for by a human gene?
b. Due to certain advances in biotechnology, it became much cheaper to produce tPA. What DNA technology made it possible to produce large quantities of this protein in bacterial cells?
Tay-Sachs disease causes lysosomes to rupture. How would this affect the cell? Check all that apply.
Proteins, but not nucleic acids or lipids, could be degraded by lysosomes.
Phagocytic cells could not destroy bacteria.
Material taken up through endocytosis could not be digested.
Biological polymers could not be broken down by lysosomes.
Fatty acids could not be oxidized by lysosomes.
Experiment
This experiment was designed to analyze the structure of a component (C3c protein) of the
complement system, which is involved in the immune response against microorganisms. Purified
C3c protein (molecular mass: 145 kd) was incubated in the presence of various concentrations of
the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) and then subjected to electrophoresis in a sodium
dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel. SDS disrupts noncovalent bonds and polypeptides
are separated by size during electrophoresis. The gel was stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue,
a protein dye. The figure shows the molecular masses of intermediates and products generated by
DTT treatment.
Results:
Molecular
mass (kd)
145-
102-
75-
43-
27-
[DTT] (MM)
10.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 Samples
Questions
1.
How many polypeptides are present in C3c?
Determine their molecular masses from the
figure.
What was the purpose of using DTT in this
experiment?
What kind of bonds hold the polypeptides
2.
3.
together?
4. How is the 102…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 4.1 - trace the historical development of the cell...Ch. 4.1 - list the three principles of the cell theory?Ch. 4.2 - describe the structure and features shared by all...Ch. 4.2 - distinguish prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells?Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 4.3 - describe the structure and function of the major...Ch. 4.3 - describe the internal features of bacteria,...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 4.4 - list the structures found in animal but not plant...
Ch. 4.4 - describe the structure and function of each major...Ch. 4.4 - What problems would arise if the trachea were...Ch. 4.4 - Why do the chromosomes in chromatin condense in...Ch. 4.4 - Using Fig. E4 4. plot the changes in each country...Ch. 4.4 - Why is it advantageous for all cellular membranes...Ch. 4.4 - Why is it important for lysosomal enzymes to be...Ch. 4.4 - CONSIDER THIS What advantages do bioengineered...Ch. 4.4 - Over the years, scientists have wondered how many...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is/are found only in...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not a function of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 4 - Prob. 5MCCh. 4 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 4 - Two organelles that are believed to have evolved...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 1RQCh. 4 - Prob. 2RQCh. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Describe the nucleus and the function of each of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5RQCh. 4 - Prob. 6RQCh. 4 - Describe the structure and function of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4 - Prob. 9RQCh. 4 - List the structures of bacterial cells that have...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1ACCh. 4 - Prob. 2ACCh. 4 - What problems would an enormous round cell...
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