Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 40, Problem 9SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Urine formation starts when glomerular filtration delivers protein-free of plasma into a kidney tubule. Most of the water and solutes return to the blood by the tubular reabsorption machinery. Substances that are not reabsorbed, and which are added to the filtrate by the tubular secretion, end up in the urine. The kidney contributes to the acid-base balance by adjusting the tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate and tubular secretion of H+.
A decline in pH causes an increase in the bicarbonate reabsorption. The bicarbonate moves into peritubular capillaries, where it buffers the excess acid.
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1. Functions of the Urinary System
A. Kidneys regulate blood levels of several ions, most importantly
(Na+),
(K+),
_(Ca2+),
_(Cl-),
and
_(HPO42-).
B. Kidneys regulate blood pH by secretion of
and reabsorption of
C. Kidneys regulate blood volume by conserving or eliminating
D. Kidneys regulate blood pressure by secreting the enzyme
which
activates the RAA pathway that increases blood pressure.
E. Kidneys help maintain a relatively constant blood osmolarity of
F. Kidneys produce
_mOsm/liter.
(active vitamin D) and
- the
hormone that stimulates RBC production.
G. Kidneys can use glutamine (amino acid) to synthesize
H. Kidneys excrete wastes such as
from deamination of amino acids,
from catabolism of hemoglobin,
from breakdown
of creatine phosphate, and
from catabolism of nucleic acids.
2. Matching:
Kidney
A. Superficial, light red region of the kidney – contains portions of the
nephron such as the corpuscle and convoluted tubules.
Renal hilum
B. Deeper, dark reddish-brown region of the…
ADh or vassopressin affects water balance in the kidney more specifically it ______
a. Delays water reabsorption a secreting salt
b. Inserts aquaPorins into the apical membrane of the cells of Henles Loop
c. Increases the active transport of sodium out of the collecting duct
d. Insert aquaPorins into the apical membrane of the cells of the collecting duct
1. Functions of the Urinary System
A. Kidneys regulate blood levels of several ions, most importantly .
(Na+),
_(K+),
_(Ca2+),
_(CI.),
and
_(HPO42-).
B. Kidneys regulate blood pH by secretion of
and reabsorption of
C. Kidneys regulate blood volume by conserving or eliminating
D. Kidneys regulate blood pressure by secreting the enzyme
which
activates the RAA pathway that increases blood pressure.
E. Kidneys help maintain a relatively constant blood osmolarity of
F. Kidneys produce
mOsm/liter.
(active vitamin D) and
- the
hormone that stimulates RBC production.
G. Kidneys can use glutamine (amino acid) to synthesize
H. Kidneys excrete wastes such as
from deamination of amino acids,
from catabolism of hemoglobin,
from breakdown
of creatine phosphate, and
from catabolism of nucleic acids.
Chapter 40 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 40 - Pesticide Residues in Urine To carry the USDAs...Ch. 40 - Pesticide Residues in Urine To carry the USDAs...Ch. 40 - Prob. 3DAACh. 40 - An insect's ___ deliver nitrogen-rich waste to its...Ch. 40 - Bowman's capsule, the start of the tubular part of...Ch. 40 - Fluid that enters Bowman's capsule flows directly...Ch. 40 - Blood pressure forces water and small solutes into...Ch. 40 - Kidneys return most of the water and small solutes...Ch. 40 - Prob. 6SQCh. 40 - Prob. 7SQ
Ch. 40 - Match each .structure with a function. _____...Ch. 40 - Prob. 9SQCh. 40 - Prob. 10SQCh. 40 - Prob. 11SQCh. 40 - Prob. 12SQCh. 40 - Prob. 13SQCh. 40 - Prob. 14SQCh. 40 - Prob. 15SQCh. 40 - Like desert rodents such as the kangaroo rat,...Ch. 40 - Compared to closely related species that live in...Ch. 40 - Prob. 3CTCh. 40 - Drinking alcohol inhibits ADH secretion. What...
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- . _____ reabsorption from the nephrons is ordinarily 100%.a. Sodium c. Waterb. Glucose d. Ureaarrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE about glucose reabsorption in the kidney? a.If an individual does not have diabetes mellitus, 100% of filtered glucose is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. b.If an individual has diabetes mellitus, filtered glucose will be present in all the renal tubule. c.Glucose reabsorption along the proximal convoluted tubule uses the sodium glucose secondary active transporter and it is independent of insulin. d.All of the above e.None of the above asaparrow_forward1) Compared to those of birds and lizards, the kidneys of mammals ______. A) can produce urine with a higher osmolarity B) cannot concentrate the urine as much C) have about the same ability to concentrate the urine, but are more efficient in producing uric acid"arrow_forward
- Regulation of filtration ratea. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remains relatively constant, but may increase or decrease as required.b. Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system can maintain blood pressure with minimal change in GFR.c. When the macula densa senses decreased amounts of chloride, potassium, and sodium ions in the last part of the ascending limb of the nephron loop, it causes juxtaglomerular cells to release renin.d. Renin release triggers a series of changes leading to vasoconstriction of afferent and efferent arterioles, which minimizes any decrease in glomerular filtration rate, and also stimulates aldosterone secretion,which stimulates tubular sodium reabsorption.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE concerning renal handling of potassium? a. A high potassium meal will cause enhanced basolateral uptake via sodium-potassium pumps b. Most potassium reabsorption occurs at the distal tubules c. Aldosterone enhances potassium reabsorption at the proximal tubule d. Potassium is not filtered, so urinary excretion of potassium will only occur by stimulating potassium secretion e. Decreased extracellular potassium concentration increases aldosterone production and thereby reduces potassium secretionarrow_forwardthe vasa recta participate in --------- , since they are freely permeable to small solutes and water surrounding the Loops of Henle deep into the iner medullary tissue of the kidneys. A. protein lysis b. re-absorption of glucose c. glomerular filtration rate d. concurrect exchangearrow_forward
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