Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780393912340
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Natalie Foster
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Write Lewis dot symbols for (a) Ca2+, (b) N3−, and (c) I −.
Acetyl chloride, CH₃C(O)Cl, is used as a reagent for the acylation of salicylic acid in the synthesis of aspirin. Draw the Lewis structure of CH₃C(O)Cl (with minimized formal charges) and then determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar.
+
Use the Born-Haber cycle to calculate the lattice energy of KF. [The heat of sublimation of K is 91.6 kJ·mol−1 and
ΔfH(KF) = −567.3 kJ·mol−1.
Bond enthalpy for F2 is
158.8 kJ·mol−1.
Other data may be found in the Ionization Energies Table and the Electron Affinities Table.]
Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
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- Write the Lewis symbol for atoms of each of the following elements:(a) Al, (b) Br, (c) Ar, (d) Sr.arrow_forwardChloral, Cl3C—CH=O, reacts with water to form the sedative and hypnotic agent chloral hydrate, Cl3C—CH(OH)2. Draw Lewis structures for these substances, and describe the change in molecular shape, if any, that occurs around each of the carbon atoms during the reaction.arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis symbols for Ca2+ and Cl-arrow_forward
- Draw a valid Lewis structure for each ion: (a) OH −; (b) H 3O +.arrow_forwardConsider the following compounds: CaCl 2 , CaI 2 , and MgCl 2 . Answer the following questions based on expected periodic trends: (a) Which is expected to have t he shortest ionic bonds? (b) Which is expected to have the highest lattice energy? (c) Which is expected to have the lowest melting point?arrow_forwardWrite Lewis dot symbols for the following atoms and ions: (a) I, (b) I−, (c) S, (d) S2−, (e) P,(f) P3−, (g) Na, (h) Na+, (i) Mg, (j) Mg2+, (k) Al, (l) Al3+, (m) Pb, (n) Pb2+.arrow_forward
- Lewis structures of group W compounds Draw Lewis structures for each of the following molecule or ion: Nitrogen, N2 Hydrogen cyanide, HCN Hydronium ion, H30* • lodine, I2 Ammonium, NH4* Formaldehyde, CH20arrow_forwardKeeping in mind that some elements violate the octet rule, draw a Lewis structure for each compound: (a) BeH 2; (b) PCl 5.arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis symbols and structures that show how BaBr2 forms from barium and bromine atoms.arrow_forward
- Keeping in mind that some elements violate the octet rule, draw a Lewis structure for each compound: (a) BCl 3; (b) SO 3.arrow_forwardDraw the Lewis structure for the chlorine pentafluoride (CIF) molecule. Ċ с X C 0arrow_forwardUse electronegativity values to classify each bond as nonpolar, polar covalent, or ionic: (a) Cl 2; (b) HCl; (c) NaCl.arrow_forward
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